<div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div>In a given election it may happen that there exists at least one candidate X such that the number of ballots on which X is ranked top (or equal top) is at least as great as the number of ballots on which any other fixed candidate Y is ranked strictly above X. We say that any such candidate X has Stable Approval Potential. <br>
<br></div>If a method always elects a candidate with Stable Approval Potential whenever at least one such candidate exists, then we say the method satisfies the Stable Approval Potential Criterion (SAPC).<br><br></div>Note that any candidate ranked top (or equal top) on a majority of the ballots satisfies the SAPC, and if there is a Majority Candidate (ranked unique top on more than half of the ballots) then no other candidate has Stable approval Potential. Therefore the satisfaction of the SAPC entails satisfaction of the Majority Criterion.<br>
<br></div>Note also that standard Approval satisfies the SAPC. In fact if X is the Approval Winner in an election using approval ballots, and Y is some other candidate, then the number of ballots on which Y is ranked above X is no greater than Y's approval, which is no greater than X's approval.<br>
<br></div><div>Chris Benham and Kevin Venzke deserve the credit for the ideas behind this criterion.<br><br></div><div>Now I would like to suggest three methods that not only satisfy the SAPC criterion, but have a built-in Bucklin like fall-back process that continues until the modified ballot set has at least one SAP candidate. <br>
<br> Note that Bucklin itself is an attempt to "fall back" until a kind of "equal top majority approval winner" is found. But Bucklin may fail in this because even when the fall-back collapse can no longer continue without total collapse to one level, there may not be any candidate with fifty percent approval.<br>
<br></div><div>But as we saw above, when there are only two levels left (if not sooner), at least the approval winner will be an SAP candidate.<br><br></div><div>All three methods proceed by collapsing the top two levels until there is at least one SAP candidate. It helps to use cardinal ratings (i.e. score or range style ballots) to guide the collapse. At each stage the equal top counts and pairwise opposition counts are adjusted to reflect the fall-back collapsed state.<br>
<br></div><div>Method 1. Elect the SAP candidate who is rated top on the greatest number of fall-back ballots.<br><br></div><div>Method 2. Elect the SAP candidate whose max pairwise opposition is least according to the fall-back ballots.<br>
<br></div><div>Method 3. Elect the SAP candidate X with the greatest difference between the number of collapsed ballots rating X top and X's max pairwise opposition on the fall-back ballots.<br><br></div><div>Method one is basically a proposal of Chris Benham cast in different language.<br>
<br></div><div>Method two is a natural way to bring MMPO (Min Max Pairwise Opposition) into compliance with the Plurality Criterion.<br><br></div><div>Method three is (imho) the method that chooses the candidate with the greatest margin of approval stability potential, i.e. the candidate most likely to be re-approved in case of a re-vote.<br>
<br></div><div>I will give an example supporting this assertion in another post.<br><br></div><div>For now let me just affirm that all three of these methods satisfy the FBC (the Favorite Betrayal Criterion), as well as the Majority Criterion, Monotonicity, and the same kind of marginal clone independence satisfied by Approval and other versions of Range. <br>
<br>Also there is an adequate Chicken Dilemma defense; if the threatening candidate B has k supporters, and the threatened candidate A has m>k supporters, then the A supporters should announce (and stick to it) that they are going to rank B on k ballots (and only ask in return that the B supporters rank A on k ballots, as well). In other words it is a kind of tit for tat strategy. "We'll rank your guy on as many ballots as you could possibly rank our guy. If you don't, then you are responsible for the election of our common foe. "<br>
<br></div><div>What do you think?<br><br></div><div>Forest<br></div><div><br><br><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><div><br><br></div></div>