<div dir="ltr"><div><b>Markus--</b></div><div><strong></strong> </div><div><strong>(It's writing boldface, not inteded by me)</strong></div><div><strong></strong> </div><div><strong>First I'll repeat my CD definition, below. Then, below it, I'll tell why Benham, Woodall, and IRV pass CD.</strong></div>
<div><strong></strong> </div><div><b></b> </div><div><b>Supporting definitions:</b></div><p>1. The A voters are the voters who prefer candidate A to everyone else. The B voters are the voters who prefer candidate B to everyone else. The C voters are the voters who prefer C to everyone else.</p>
<p>2. A particular voter votes sincerely if s/he doesn't falsify a preference, or fail to vote a felt preference that the balloting system in use would have allowed hir to vote in addition to the preferences that s/he actually votes.</p>
<p><b>Premise:</b></p><p>1. There are 3 candidates: A, B, and C.</p><p>2. The A voters and the B voters, combined, add up to more than half of the voters in the election.</p><p>3. The A voters and the B voters all prefer both A and B to C.</p>
<p>4. The A voters are more numerous than are the B voters.</p><p>5. Voting is sincere, except that the B voters refuse to vote A over anyone.</p><p>6. Candidate A would be the unique winner under sincere voting (...in other words, if the B voters voted sincerely, as do all the other voters).</p>
<p>7. The C voters are indifferent between A and B, and vote neither over the other.</p><p><b>Requirement:</b></p><p>B doesn't win.</p><p>[end of CD definition]</p><p><br></p><hr><p>In the chicken dilemma scenario described in the premise of the Chicken Dilemma Criterion (CD) defined above, if B won, then the B voters would have successfully taken advantage of the A voters' co-operativeness. The A voters wanted to vote both A and B over the candidates disliked by both the A voters and B voters. Thereby they helped {A,B} against worse candidates. But, with methods that fail CD, the message is "You help, you lose".</p>
<hr><p><b>Some methods that pass the Chicken Dilemma Criterion:</b></p><div>ICT, <a title="Symmetrical ICT" href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/Symmetrical_ICT"><font color="#0066cc">Symmetrical ICT</font></a>, <a title="MMPO" href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/MMPO"><font color="#0066cc">MMPO</font></a>, MDDTR, <a title="IRV" href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/IRV"><font color="#0066cc">IRV</font></a>, <a title="Benham's method (page does not exist)" href="http://wiki.electorama.com/w/index.php?title=Benham%27s_method&action=edit&redlink=1"><font color="#0066cc">Benham's method</font></a>, <a title="Woodall's method" href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/Woodall%27s_method"><font color="#0066cc">Woodall's method</font></a></div>
<div> </div><div> </div><div>Why Benham passes CD:</div><div> </div><div>I forgot to say it in my definition, but the ordering of the candidates, in terms of their numbers voters who consider them favorite, is: C>A>B. That will be added to the premise of CD.</div>
<div> </div><div>So, B is the favorite of the fewest.</div><div> </div><div>A is the sincere CW. A would be the voted CW under sincere voting, and would thereby win. But, by CD's premise, the B voters refuse to vote A over anyone.</div>
<div> </div><div>In Benham, that results in a cycle: A>B>C>A. Since there's no initial CW, Benham does IRV till there is one. B is favorite of fewest, and is immedately eliminated by IRV. That leaves C>A. Now C is the uneliminated candidate who beats each of the other uneliminated candidates. C wins. B doesn't win. CD's requirement is satisfied.</div>
<div> </div><div>Why Woodall meets CD:</div><div> </div><div>As before, with the B voters refusing to vote A overf anyone (as specified in CDs premise), there's a cycle: A>B>C>A.</div><div> </div><div>There are 3 candidates in the Smith set. Since there isn't yet only one candidate in the Smith set, Woodall does IRV. </div>
<div> </div><div>B is favorite of fewest, and therefore is immediately eliminated in IRV.</div><div> </div><div>The B voters' rankings don't incude anyone but B, and so they have no further effect in the election.</div>
<div> </div><div>Because there are more C voters than A voters, then IRV next eliminates A. Then,only one member of the initial Smith set remains uneliminated: C. C wins. B doesn't win. CD's requirement is satisfied. Woodall meets CD.</div>
<div> </div><div>Why IRV meets CD:</div><div> </div><div>B, as the favorite of fewest, is immediately eliminated. B doesn't win. CD's requirement is satisfied. IRV meets CD.</div><div> </div><div>Michael Ossipoff</div>
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