<div dir="ltr">Vidar Wahlberg, <div><br></div><div>One very simple rule that transcends the dichotomy between a party-list and a candidate-based PR election rule is 3-seat LR Hare. Each party has one candidate and each voter one vote. Typically the top 3 vote-getters would get one seat each, but if the top vote-getter beats the 3rd place candidate by more than one-third of the total vote then (s)he'd win two seats and get to pick a vice-candidate(who could've been pre-selected and already announced prior to the election). And, theoretically, if the first place candidate beat the second place candidate by more than 2/3rds of the total vote then (s)he'd win three seats and get to pick two vice-candidates. </div>
<div><br></div><div style>So if the vote totals were: 40, 30, 20, 10 then the top three would win one seat each, But if the vote totals were: 50, 35, 10, 5 then the top candidate would win two seats and get to pick a vice-candidate. </div>
<div><div class="gmail_extra">And if the vote totals were 80-10-7-3 then the top candidate would win three seats. </div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">This uses the Hare quota and so it's best to couple it with the use of at least one at-large single-winner seat to help with the formation of a working gov't. It tends to increase equality by virtue of how a third party candidate can win a seat with as little as 10% of the vote if the top candidate gets less than 43.3% of the vote and no other third party candidate does better. This makes the third seat very likely to be competitive. The top two candidates have more secure elections, but if their parties are competing in the single-winner seats then they'd need to help their party's candidates in that other election. <br>
<br><div><div dir="ltr">There is scope for the creative combination of 3-seat LR Hare with rules that tend to reinforce hierarchy so that 3-seat LR Hare can: 1) elevate interest in local elections with its high probability of a competitive seat, 2) handicap rivalry between larger parties, 3) make larger parties more attentive to minority rights/views and 4) Allow for more direct constituent-legislator relationships than with larger party-list proportional representation.</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">It also might retain the tendency of party-list PR to elect a higher percentage of women legislators than with a ranked-choice form of PR. My theory is that this is because two of the three seats will tend to be "safe". This goes off of a theory of mine that since women tend to have a larger "<a href="https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&ie=UTF-8#sclient=psy-ab&q=%22deep+limbic+system%22&oq=%22deep+limbic+system%22&gs_l=serp.3..0l4.39236.41736.2.42084.2.2.0.0.0.0.209.329.0j1j1.2.0.epsugrpqhmsignedin%2Chtma%3D120%2Chtmb%3D120..0.0.0..1.1.17.psy-ab.W35os1Z9Fvc&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=e16824eab702e431&ion=1&biw=1366&bih=659">deep limbic system</a>" portions of their brain, they are better at the connecting/relating that is critical for good leadership. Unfortunately, having a bigger deep limbic system also creates a larger vulnerability to its becoming over-active or perturbed, which can affect the quality of decision-making in important moments like during elections. When (all of the) election seats are competitive, there is more scope for competitors machiavellianly to try and take advantage of this tendency during the election, which tragically would then discriminate in favor of male leaders who are less good at connecting in their leadership after the election. But when there's both competitive and not-so-competitive seats then there's a variety of conditions that would help elect a better balance of male and female leaders. <br>
<br>dlw</div></div>
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