<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div><div dir="ltr"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, May 28, 2013 at 4:36 PM, Kristofer Munsterhjelm <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:km_elmet@lavabit.com" target="_blank">km_elmet@lavabit.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div>On 05/27/2013 09:19 PM, David L Wetzell wrote:<br>
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Smith's <a href="http://rangevoting.org/PuzzIgnoredInfo.html" target="_blank">http://rangevoting.org/<u></u>PuzzIgnoredInfo.html</a><br>
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needs to be taken w. a grain of salt.<br>
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The short-comings of IRV depend on the likely number of serious<br>
candidates whose a priori odds of winning, before one assigns<br>
voter-utilities, are strong. If real life important single-winner<br>
political elections have economies of scale in running a serious<br>
election then it's reasonable to expect only 1, 2 or 3 (maybe 4 once in<br>
a blue moon) candidates to have a priori, no matter what election rule<br>
gets used, serious chance to win, while the others are at best trying to<br>
move the center on their key issues and at worse potential spoilers in a<br>
fptp election.<br>
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That argument is too strong in the sense that it can easily be modified to lead to any conclusion you might wish. And it can be modified thus because it is too vague.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Hi Karl, good to hear from you again. I doubt economies of scale args are completely flexible and the evidence need not be as rigorously presented when one is initially communicating ideas. </div>
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Let me be more precise. You may claim that if there're some economies of scale, then it's reasonable to only expect 1, 2 or 3 viable candidates. But here's a problem. Without any data, you can posit that the economies of scale kick in at just the right point to make 2.5-party rule inevitable even under Condorcet, say. But without any data, I could just as well posit that the economies of scale, if any, kick in at n = 1000; or, I could claim that the economies of scale kick in at n = 2 and thus we don't need anything more than Plurality in the first place[1].<br>
</blockquote><div><br>No, because non-competitive candidates still serve a useful purpose even if their odds of winning are low. And a non-plurality election is harder to game, as illustrated by the GOP's 40-yr use of a nixonian- Southern Strategy of pitting poor whites against minorities when outsiders are given voice to reframe wedge issues that tilt the de facto center away from the true political center. </div>
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So one may claim that "important single-winner political elections" necessarily have economies to scale that make anything beyond 2.5-party rule exceedingly unlikely. But without data, that's claim isn't worth anything. And without data that can't be explained as confusing P(multipartyism) with P(multipartyism | political dynamics given by Plurality), the simpler hypothesis, namely that there is no such barrier that we know of, holds by default.<br>
</blockquote><div><br>How about economics? There exists X a cost of running a competitive campaign. There exists Y a reward, not per se all economic, for winning a campaign. There exists P a probability of winning. P is roughly inversely proportional to the number of competitive candidates, albeit less for the last candidate to decide to compete. If there exists N likely competitive candidates then if the calculation is k*Y/(N+1)<X holds, w. k<1, for the N+1 candidate, who then chooses not to run, it implies that N>(kY-X)/X. A better election rule might increase k some, but arguably X will also tend to be higher for the less well-known candidate, regardless of the election rule used. <br>
<br>So I agree that the average number of competittive candidates can be increased by the use of a different single-winner election rule, but with limits due to the other aspects of running an election and how a single-winner election tends to discourage too many from putting a lot into running for the office. <br>
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And, if you're not claiming that there is such economics of scale, but simply that there *might* be, then it's still less risky to assume multipartyism is right and use an advanced method. If we're wrong, nothing lost but "momentum". If we're right, we avoid getting stuck at something that would still seriously misrepresent the wishes of the people.<br>
</blockquote><div style><br> Well, I am claiming there exists inherent economies of scale in single-winner elections such that the number of competitive candidates are likely to have a fuzzy ceiling apart from the specific election rule used, and that single-partyism/multipartyism is a function of the mix of single-winner and fair multi-winner election rules used. My implication of the first is that it relativizes the import of alternative single-winner election rules for political elections and thereby elevates the import of marketing/first-mover advantage in the replacement of FPTP. </div>
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(I'd claim, based on (among other things) international data under Runoff, that there's little evidence that multipartyism is inherently incompatible with single-winner rules in general. But such data can easily be specially pled away by making the rules about what counts circuitous enough. So if I'm going to go in that direction, I'd like to have some idea of, before the fact, what kind of evidence will convince and what will not.)<br>
</blockquote><div style><br>It wd also involve stuff like a parliamentarian vs presidential system. In a presidential system, particularly w. a stronger president, the presidential elections tend to build up the two biggest parties at the expense of smaller parties. But such a system could also lead to one-party domination with no clear competitor/replacement for the dominant party so that the system wd seem to be a multi-party system. In the US, we are heading towards a one-party dominated system and the GOP civil war shows how the alliances they have relied on are becoming dysfunctional for key nat'l elections. </div>
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[1] Possibly with stricter rules to entry so that insignificant third parties don't spoil the elections. Adding such rules, e.g. requiring more signatures for candidates to run, would be a lot simpler and less expensive to implement than switching to IRV.<br>
</blockquote><div style><br>Once more, small third parties can serve a function even if they are not likely to get their candidaate elected. <br>If one adds to their activism a commitment to MLK-jr/Gandhi-like activism apart from elections proper then there is the capacity to move the center. Having their candidate get more respect and air-time during the election is icing on the pre-existing non-political/cultural tools available to them.</div>
<div style>dlw </div></div><br></div></div>