<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jul 3, 2012 at 4:03 AM, Juho Laatu <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:juho4880@yahoo.co.uk" target="_blank">juho4880@yahoo.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid" class="gmail_quote">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div class="im"><div>On 3.7.2012, at 3.39, Michael Ossipoff wrote:</div><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid" class="gmail_quote">
<div>> Yes, even in that small district, d'Hondt's bias will of course make things worse for small parties. But d'Hond't effect will be less in the small district, even as the small district problem makes things worse, in its own way, for small parties.<br>
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You said:</div><div> </div><p>I simply summed up the expected D'Hondt biases of the multiple districts. The biases of small districts may easily sum up to multiple seats per party (= higher than with one large district). </p>
<div> <br></div></blockquote><div>[endquote]</div><div> </div><div>You're using "bias" with a different definition that its usual definition.</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></div><div>I used word "bias" in its general English meaning, in this case referring to how D'Hondt favours large parties.</div>
<div> </div></div></div></blockquote><div>[endquote]</div><div> </div><div>Fair enough. I just meant that even the unbiased (with flat probability distribution) Sainte-Lague will give a small party less s/v, when it doesn't give that party any seats. But, say that a small party is equally likely to have its final quotient anywhere between 0 and 1 (and certain to have it in that range); and that a large party is equally likely to have its final quotient anywhere between 99 and 100 (and certain to be in that range). With Sainte-Lague, the small party and the large one have exactly equal expected s/v. That's what I mean when I say that Sainte-Lague is unbiased. The expected s/v is equal, in the way that i described, for all intervals.</div>
<div> </div><div>(again, assuming a flat probability distribution, for finding a state at various population-sizes.)</div><div> </div><div> </div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid" class="gmail_quote">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div> </div><div class="im"><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>You said:</div><div>,</div><div> splitting the districts in several small districts is probably strategically even better for them.<br>
</div><div>[endquote]</div><div> </div><div>Not if you're judging the benefit to them in terms of their s/v as compared to other parties' s/v. </div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></div><div>If the party leaders are allowed to decide between getting nice s/v values or getting more seats, I guess they will choose the latter.</div>
<div> </div></div></div></blockquote><div>[endquote]</div><div> </div><div>But, with a given number of voters, a higher s/v means more seats.</div><div> </div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid" class="gmail_quote">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div> </div><div class="im"><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>In a small district, very small parties will be excluded, who wouldn't be excluded in an at-large allocation. But the big party will get more seats in the at-large allocation too.</div>
</div></blockquote><div><br></div></div><div>Do you have an example (or a definition) where (in D'Hondt) large parties are likely to get more seats when a country is divided in larger districts?</div><div> </div></div>
</div></blockquote><div>[endquote]</div><div> </div><div>No, but it's an unquestionable fact. For two intervals between consecutive integers, n to n+1, and N to N+1, the bigger N is, in comparison to n, the greater is the factor by which the N interval party's expected s/v is greater than the n party's expected s/v.</div>
<div> </div><div>AT large, or in large districts, N can be greater than n by a greater amount, meaning that d'Hondt's bias is greater. That gives more seats to a large party.</div><div> </div><div>Mike Ossipoff</div>
<div> </div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid" class="gmail_quote"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div> </div>
<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><div><br></div><div>Juho</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></font></span></div></div><br>----<br>
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