<pre>Richard said:<br><br>Mike seems to be in a hurry for an explanation for my earlier statement.<br><br>[endquote]<br><br>That's funny. I thought that I emphasized that there was no hurry. In fact,<br>I additionally said that it would be fine with me if Richard didn't even<br>
support his claim at all, leaving it as an unsupported claim.<br><br>Richard continued:<br><br> As I recall the issue is that I stated in a previous message that
Approval voting was very unlikely to be adopted for use in U.S.
Presidential _general_ elections. Here are some reasons:
1: Making that change requires adopting a Constitutional Amendment.
2: By the time Congress is ready to consider writing such an amendment,
various kinds of advanced voting methods will have been tried, which
means that voters will be familiar with various kinds of better ballots,
which means they will not be intimidated by marking ranked ballots or
score ballots. <br><br>[endquote]<br><br>Riohard is missing the point. It isn't that the voters will be intimidated<br>by the voting of a rank ballot. The problem is and will be that it's easy to<br>say, "This will require more study."<br>
<br>Congress will be "ready" to support voting system improvement only at such time<br>as the public is well aware of the need for it, to the extent that congressmembers<br>will either support it or be out of politics. Whether or not it takes an amendment<br>
isn't crucial to this subject. Whether it does or doesn't, they'll support it and<br>enact it only when the public wants it strongly enough to jeopardize the re-election<br>of uncooperative congressmembers.<br>
<br>I agree that the voters will have to very much want voting reform before Congress will act.<br><br>But,for one thing, the voters will understand that Approval is an unquestionable, unqualified<br>advantage over Plurality long before they'd (if ever) understand that about Kemmeny (or even <br>
Condorcet).<br><br>And, as for Congress, Approval's simple transparent improvement won't leave Congress the <br>wiggle-room of saying "This needs a lot more study, to ensure that it won't be worse than<br>
Plurality." I can assure you that they _will_ say that about Condorcet, and very especially<br>about Kemmeny.<br><br>And so, even with public demand, Congress still would have an excuse to refuse to support<br>Condorcet, and especially Kemmeny.<br>
<br><br>Your arguments are based on some optimistic and self-serving (as a Kemmeny-advocate) assumptions.<br><br><br>Richard continued:<br><br>This situation undermines the biggest advantage of
Approval voting, which is that it is simple, and the easiest to
understand (in terms of both ballot marking and ballot counting) for
someone who is only familiar with plurality voting.<br><br>[endquote]<br><br>Approval's transparency, and the unquestionable obviousness that it is an improvement, <br>and only an improvement, in comparison to Plurality is an enactment advantage unique to Approval.<br>
<br>Approval is the minimal change to Plurality that gets rid of its ridiculous property<br>of forcing falsification (when it requires voters to bottom-rate all but one of the candidates--especially<br>when one of those whom they must bottom-rate is their favorite).<br>
<br>Approval is the minimal change that would fix Plurality's ridiculousness.<br><br>Richard continues:<br><br>3: The majority of voters do not understand mathematics (and even most
judges would not be comfortable with mathematics) so they would think
that being able to mark more than one candidate would violate the "one
person, one vote" rule.<br><br>[endquote]<br><br>Nonsense. Richard hasn't read the EM posts on this subject.<br><br>It doesn't take a mathematician to understand why Approval doesn't violate 1-person-1-vote <br>
(1p1v). We've given you many explanations for why it doesn't. I'll say a few things here:<br><br>1. 1p1v was intended to refer to an altogether different problem, and says nothing about balloting.<br>1p1v is about voters being explicitly weighted differently by voting rules.<br>
<br>2. Approval is a points system. No one would be so ridiculous as to say that the Olympic 1-10 RV method<br>violates 1p1v. Approval is simply the 0-1 points system.<br><br>3. It's blatantly obvious that, in Approval, any voter has the power to cancel out any other voter's<br>
ballot. I can cancel out your ballot by voting oppositely to how you voted. Do you think that you have<br>more voting power than I do when you vote for all of the candidates? When you do, your ballot can only<br>have zero effect on the outcome. <br>
<br>Or do you think that you have more voting power than I do when you vote for all of the candidates but one?<br>In a 20-candidate election, you're voting for 19 candidates. You smugly think that you're more powerful because<br>
you're using votes. So then I cast a ballot that votes only for the one candidate for whom you didn't vote.<br><br>By using one "vote", I've cancelled out your ballot on which you used 19 "votes".<br>
<br>This fiction of having and using "votes" should be avoided in Approval discussion. <br><br>It's more clear and honest to speak of rating each candidate. <br><br>4. Approval lets you rate each candidate. Each voter has equal power to rate each candidate. <br>
<br>You can speak of it as rating a candidate 0 or 1, or you can speak of rating a candidate as <br>"Approved" or "Unapproved". <br><br>I emphasize that all of this won't be needed. One of these arguments will do, though each answer is available to<br>
answer specific objections.<br><br>No one can object to electing the candidate approved by the most people. Of course we're using an operational<br>procedural definition of "approve", as when someone says, "Yes, I give that proposal an approval." Electing the candidate<br>
most approved, even in that operational, procedural sense, is difficult to criticize.<br><br>Remember that no one will force you to approve more candidates than you want to. No one will force you to compromise. <br><br>But, when you do compromise, you can still approve (and thereby give 1 point instead of 0 points) all of the better<br>
candidates too, including your favorite(s).<br><br>No longer will unliked lesser-evils keep winning. Genuinely-liked candidates, everyone's favorite(s) will get full<br>support.<br><br>Approval is simply Plurality without the forced falsification.<br>
<br><br>Mike Ossipoff<br><br><br></pre>