<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="RIGHT: auto"><SPAN style="RIGHT: auto">Hi Jameson,<BR class=yui-cursor style="RIGHT: auto"></SPAN></div>
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<DIV class=hr style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ccc 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: #ccc 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 5px 0px; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ccc 1px solid; HEIGHT: 0px" readonly="true" contenteditable="false"></DIV><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">De :</SPAN></B> Jameson Quinn <jameson.quinn@gmail.com><BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">À :</SPAN></B> Kevin Venzke <stepjak@yahoo.fr> <BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Cc :</SPAN></B> election-methods <election-methods@electorama.com> <BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Envoyé le :</SPAN></B> Mercredi 29 février 2012 15h35<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Objet :</SPAN></B> Re: [EM] An interesting scenario (spoilers, utility)<BR></FONT></DIV><BR>
<DIV style="RIGHT: auto">This is indeed an interesting scenario. Something is particularly weak about those B>C preferences. It could be one of two things:</DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto">1) Maybe you're using some kind of trimmed or decaying utility function, where the difference between a candidate who's 2/3 units away and one who's 1 unit away is negligible. Thus, your A voters are like Nader voters; so far out of the mainstream that the other two candidates appear more similar than they really are. So they bullet vote, holding out for a tiny chance of victory. The rest follows; the hapless B>A voters give A a vote, to prevent the likely C win; the B>C voters thus vote for C to ensure A doesn't win; and C's win is almost guaranteed.</DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto">2) Depending what you mean by "six factions proportionally from -1 to 1", the B>C>A voters could have tiny B>C preferences. They're either at 0.2 (if the factions are evenly-spaced points), which puts them .13333 from B and .26 from C; or they're at 0.16666 (if the factions are the center of evenly-spaced line segments) which puts them .16666 from B and .22666 from C, a difference of only 0.06. </DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto">In the second case, the B=(>)C>A votes cause the A>B=(>)C votes and not vice versa. But in either case, the two blocs together form an equilibrium; neither has much motive to change until the other one does.</DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto">I wouldn't be surprised if there is an alternate equilibrium where the A voters approve B, and a more traditional chicken dilemma ensues.</DIV>
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<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">The B>C>A voters are at 0.2.</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">I think the unintuitive explanation is that A wins often enough to concern these voters. </FONT><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">The math for the settings </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">used doesn't allow two A blocs to ever beat four C blocs. But the scenario has great difficulty stabilizing compared</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">to under the other methods, and voters occasionally make errors that allow A and B to win sometimes.</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">This may prevent the scenario from saying much about Approval, but it probably couldn't say that much about it</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">anyway.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman"></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">What I think is interesting is the glimpse at what it might look like if you get to sacrifice something in exchange</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">for greater utility. I feel very torn as to whether this outcome is "good," whether perhaps it's bad but creates</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">desirable candidate incentives (i.e. cater to the median better), or whether it does the opposite (don't run if you</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; RIGHT: auto; FONT-FAMILY: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">won't win), or whether the scenario is so unattractive that </FONT><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">voters wouldn't put up with it. Etc<FONT style="RIGHT: auto"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto">The funny thing is that this is both a chicken dilemma, and precisely the opposite of a chicken dilemma, at the same time. A's bullet vote could be seen as trying to provoke a chicken dilemma between B and C, but since B voters are not unified on their second choices, the fight ends up being played out between B voters, not between B and C. Or you could say that C is trying to cause a chicken dilemma between B and A, and, with the help of some extremely weak-willed C>B voters, is succeeding brilliantly.</DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto">Anyway: in real life, I think that the A voters would be able to see that if they changed, then the B>C voters would change, and so the A voters would only continue to bullet vote if they really were largely indifferent about B>C.</DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">I think in real life, A wouldn't be able to win, so that they would have to vote for B in order to affect the race. I</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="RIGHT: auto"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">don't think it would depend on what the B>C voters plan to do, though those voters certainly wouldn't vote for </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="RIGHT: auto"><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">C </FONT><FONT style="RIGHT: auto" face="Times New Roman">if A has no chance.</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto"><VAR id=yui-ie-cursor></VAR>Kevin</DIV></div></body></html>