Why not simply IRV until 500 candidates are left.<div><br></div><div>Wouldn't this produce a similar result without the randomness?</div><div><br></div><div>Elected candidates would have votes equal to the number of votes they had at the end of the above procedure.</div>
<div><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jan 31, 2012 at 5:05 PM, Bryan Mills <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:bmills@alumni.cmu.edu">bmills@alumni.cmu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5">On Wed, Jan 25, 2012 at 12:52 PM, Kristofer Munsterhjelm<br>
<<a href="mailto:km_elmet@lavabit.com">km_elmet@lavabit.com</a>> wrote:<br>
> On 01/24/2012 07:28 AM, Bryan Mills wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> I've been looking at a voting system over the past week or so that I<br>
>> think is really interesting: a combination of the "delegable proxy"<br>
>> system with a sortition procedure to elect a standing legislature.<br>
>><br>
>> My objective is to find a way to use conventional voting<br>
>> infrastructure to elect a proportional legislature of bounded size by<br>
>> strategy-free means. I'm not yet 100% certain whether the system<br>
>> actually is strategy-free; I think it is but I haven't yet found a<br>
>> proof. (It's non-deterministic, so I don't think it runs afoul of<br>
>> Arrow or Gibbard–Satterthwaite but proportionality is only<br>
>> probabilistic.)<br>
>><br>
>> I can't imagine that I'm the first to examine this system, but I<br>
>> haven't found it in any of the voting literature I've read so far<br>
>> (most of Voting Matters and part of the Electowiki). My own writeup<br>
>> can be found at<br>
>><br>
>> (<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1XfoGtx2HBYNyZSYwwiQlcXU7mq_WkLhQzdghv8bGF4o" target="_blank">https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1XfoGtx2HBYNyZSYwwiQlcXU7mq_WkLhQzdghv8bGF4o</a>).<br>
>><br>
>> Any direct insight or pointers to relevant documents would be appreciated.<br>
><br>
><br>
> I think it is strategy-proof, but I wonder if people would irrationally<br>
> reason something like this:<br>
><br>
> "My chance of winning is very low, so I shouldn't keep my hopes up. Instead,<br>
> I should delegate my vote so that I can feel I expressed myself if [popular<br>
> candidate] wins."<br>
><br>
> Now, that makes no sense, but if people were game-theoretically rational,<br>
> turnout would be very low (and it isn't). So I'm wondering if the people<br>
> would irrationally be more mass-like than you'd want of a sortition-based<br>
> system.<br>
<br>
</div></div>Moderate clustering of votes is desirable, and leads to lower-variance outcomes<br>
(because the count proceeds further on average before hitting the<br>
max-seats limit).<br>
<br>
That's among several reasons why you would want a large number of seats;<br>
probably on the order of 400-500 for a practical legislature. Voters<br>
could hopefully<br>
find a fairly close match among the several-hundred front-runners --<br>
much closer than<br>
would be possible in a single-winner or even a typical STV election,<br>
especially since they<br>
wouldn't have to spend time figuring out a rank-ordering of<br>
less-preferred candidates.<br>
<div class="im"><br>
<br>
> There might also be another problem: say that people delegate their votes so<br>
> that some famous candidates have a certain chance of winning, but this<br>
> chance isn't absolute. Then any of them could say "if I win, that's great,<br>
> I'll do what I want". In other words, the doubly random nature of the<br>
> process - first, where the candidates don't know who will delegate to them,<br>
> and second, where it's not certain they will win even if lots of people<br>
> delegate to them - could weaken the constituency feedback, making the<br>
> "famous" candidates more likely to do their own thing than to take the<br>
> voters' opinions into account.<br>
<br>
</div>Hmm, that's interesting. Bu it's unlikely that a candidate who<br>
receives a substantial<br>
fraction (e.g. a Droop quota or more) of votes would fail to be<br>
elected in practice, and<br>
any factors that increase that risk proportionally increase a<br>
candidate's prospective<br>
voting power if elected. I do need to do some simulations to verify<br>
that outlier events<br>
are sufficiently rare with a practical number of seats, though.<br>
<br>
In general, I don't think one can solve the "elected candidates ignore their<br>
constituency" problem completely with any long-period election system.<br>
If you want<br>
to solve that problem you'd need voters to be able to change their<br>
delegations midway<br>
through a term, and while I think that's a very interesting line of<br>
investigation it doesn't<br>
satisfy my initial objective of "conventional infrastructure". (That<br>
is, any system that<br>
completely solves the ignored-constituency problem presents more substantial<br>
technical barriers to adoption than does DS.)<br>
<div class="im"><br>
<br>
> Or, the public, knowing this, might delegate to people of which they have a<br>
> general good feeling, e.g. movie stars and the likes. They would then reason<br>
> something like "I know that whoever I delegate won't know I helped him win.<br>
> Thus I can't influence him, so who am I going to choose? Well, I know of<br>
> Harrison Ford (or whoever) and his political position is somewhat close to<br>
> me, so I'll pick him". Now, Ford's popularity as a actor has, in itself, no<br>
> bearing upon his political skills - he would have a greater chance of<br>
> winning for similar reasons to why, when asked for a random number, people<br>
> tend to pick odd numbers.<br>
><br>
> Let's try to formalize that a little. Ordinary sortition works by picking a<br>
> representative sample of the people. However, if the people were<br>
> unrepresentative in their delegation - preferring those who were, for some<br>
> reason or other, well known, then the sample picked by delegated sortition<br>
> would not be representative anymore. In ordinary proxy democracy (liquid<br>
> democracy, etc), on the other hand, giving your vote to Ford is next to<br>
> pointless - if lots of people do that, you have no chance of pulling him in<br>
> your direction, so you should vote for someone more local instead.<br>
<br>
</div>The idea isn't to pick a representative sample of people, but rather a<br>
representative sample of people's preferences for representation; it's not<br>
necessarily a problem if the representatives are not themselves a perfect<br>
sample of the electorate. For example, if representatives turn out to put<br>
more-careful-than-average consideration into their political and economic<br>
opinions, everyone might end up better off.<br>
<br>
It may be fairly unlikely that your vote would "pull the candidate in<br>
your direction",<br>
but that's kind of the point of using a proportional system instead of<br>
a single-winner<br>
district system. Rather than attempting to move the position of a<br>
consensus candidate,<br>
voters can instead seek a candidate whose views are already suitably<br>
close to their own.<br>
<br>
I think the real concern, then, is that people might vote for<br>
candidates who turn out to be<br>
systematically biased *in a way that the voters didn't anticipate*,<br>
and I think that just<br>
brings us back to the issue of wanting to change delegations midway<br>
through a term.<br>
<div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5">----<br>
Election-Methods mailing list - see <a href="http://electorama.com/em" target="_blank">http://electorama.com/em</a> for list info<br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>