<div><span>Me playing the sucker for punishment yet again with Kristofer...,</span></div><span><div><span><br></span></div>KM:You still haven't given me any numbers. If we're going to resolve anything, we'd have to find some kind of agreement as to what data would be accepted.</span><div>
<br></div><div>dlw: Case studies. I'd like lots of case studies.</div><div>There are (at least) three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies and voter utilities... I distrust rational choice models. I do not expect hard numbers for Xs and find analytical args over which rule has the biggest X to be circuitous and not fruitful for raising the P of some lucky election rule...</div>
<div><br><span>KM: Say, for instance, that I run the Bayesian regret calculations, and that I decide to limit myself to four candidates (even though I think there should be more), so that you can't dispute that aspect. Say, further, that I get a result that the best Condorcet rule improves upon IRV about 10% as much as IRV improves upon Plurality. Then you could easily say "see, Condorcet isn't worth it". On the other hand, if I got a result that the best Condorcet rule improves upon IRV 10x as much as IRV improves upon Plurality, then you could also claim "yeah, but that's a static simulated result under conditions that aren't realistic, so in reality X_other - X_irv is still small".</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: I'd say it'd be impressive regardless, but I get your point...</div><div><br></div><div>I would then add:</div><div>I think 4 candidates is more realistic, given the tacit equitable distributional assumptions used to generate the lies, uhr voter preferences used for Bayesian Regret calculations. </div>
<div>I also think that the X of Condorcet would be lowered more than the X or IRV by the bounded rationality of voter, since there'd be more GI and more GO and it makes sense that the top ranking would have more signal and less noise for many voters. </div>
<div>Furthermore, the hybridization of IRV and Approval Voting would raise the BR and lower the gap...BR analysis has shown IRV to do its best relatively when there are only 3 candidates and that is the context in which the hybrid would use IRV. </div>
<div><br></div><div>Just as I think it's safe to say that the X of Approval and Score Voting would be lowered more by relaxing the cardinal utility assumption implicit in most Bayesian Regret calculations. Let Xij be the initial cardinal utility of voter i for candidate j. Let Si be generated from a log-standard normal distribution. Let all the Xijs be transformed to become Yij=(10^(1-Si) * Xij^Si). Then, decide who to vote for based on the Yijs, while assessing the results based on the Xijs. </div>
<div><br></div><div>The bottom line: Bayesian Regret is a heuristic and hence the proofs gotta be in the pudding. <br>
<br><span>KM: After the fact, it would be simple for either of us to readjust the rules of the game, as it were, so that we get off free. If the Bayesian regret heuristic is going to solve anything, it must have power, and it doesn't have power if we can just step around the result no matter what it might be.</span><br>
<br>dlw: It's one of those fuzzy things that can be persuasive without being defnitive in my book. My views on election reform have been changed from my debates with Dale Sheldon Hess and also Broken Ladder/Clay Shentrup). I'm more open to other election rules than IRV in the long run because of their work. But as you know, in the long run, we're all dead... <br>
<br><span>KM:I suppose, then, that what I'm really saying is this: you discard theoretical points by saying theory isn't practice,</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>dlw: I don't discard or disregard theoretical points, I express diffidence towards theoretical points, based on an ethos that's somewhere between a "critical realism" and "instrumentalism" that I learned in my studies of institutional economics. </span></div>
<div><span><br></span></div><div><span>KM: that you're middle-brow so it doesn't matter anyway,</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div><span>dlw: Since as a middle-brow, I believe theory is essentially a crutch for coping with a complicated, messy reality, not a precision laser for pinpointing the right election rule. </span></div>
<div><span><br></span></div><div><span>KM: and even *if* they showed the other rules are better, they don't show the other rules are *that much* better. You discard what little practical (experimental) data we have by saying that it's inapplicable (AU) or that the conclusion was just because of interference from scheming Plurality advocates (Burlington).</span></div>
<div><span><br></span></div><div>dlw: Micronumerosity sucks. As also does <a href="http://www.google.com/search?sclient=psy-ab&hl=en&source=hp&q=historical+specificity+social+science+hodgson&pbx=1&oq=historical+specificity+social+science+hodgson&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=21738l23220l1l23582l8l8l0l0l0l0l282l1472l0.3.4l7l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.,cf.osb&biw=1490&bih=1000&ech=1&psi=IbHzTpvgKYvgggf1tYz_AQ.1324593440350.5&emsg=NCSR&noj=1&ei=MbHzTvu4EYfxgges-9ijAg">the problem of historical specificity</a>. That these problems are relevant to the matter at hand is not a matter of opinion, in my opinion. </div>
<div><span><br></span></div><div><span>KM: At that point, very little remains. Thus I ask: what would it take to change your mind? What demonstration, what experiment would give you the data needed? What sort of argument would meet your "middle-brow, true test of IRV" standards? If your answer is "nothing", then we're done and this is just text on a screen.</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: Push for multi-winner elections in the US. Trust that third parties will enable an expansion of electoral experimentation, facilitated by smart electoral analysts like the many people on this list, to break the impasse. </div>
<div>Recognize that in lieu of convincing empirical data over the Xs of electoral alternatives, it's logical to focus more on the Ps in the short run and strategically support IRV, or decline to strongly critique IRV, as a clear improvement over FPTP for the US's two-party dominated system that can be marketed to the US public. </div>
<div>
<br><span>KM: (Incidentally, I didn't see you reply to the 36% backsliding rate for IRV. Were all of those due to scheming Plurality advocates?)</span><div><br></div><div>dlw: As with the Alternative Vote in UK, when the third party benefactor of an electoral reform loses popularity, it makes the election rule less popular. If only we could assess election rules while wearing Rawlsian masks that make us abstract from whether they'd help our self-interests in the short-run...<br>
<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">KM:Only if STV pushes harder than IRV pulls. It doesn't in Australia.<br>
You disclaim Australia because you say the data can't be generalized,<br>and you consider repeals of IRV to be merely victories by Plurality<br>advocates won by incomplete or flawed presentation, whereas incomplete<br>
presentation in the other direction is simply "marketing" and thus<br>nothing to be concerned about.<br></blockquote><br>dlw: AU uses IRV in "More local" elections where it is less likely to<br>help due to de facto segregation by characteristics correlated with<br>
political preferences. It uses PR in "less local" elections where it is<br>less needed. And so yes, it's not generalizable. I consider IRV to be<br>reliable improvement on FPTP and two-round elections, moreso when<br>
coupled with the strategic use of PR that takes the edge off of how IRV<br>does not tend to end effective 2-party domination.<br></blockquote><br></div><span>KM: Would IRV + PR be better than Plurality + PR? If you've constructed all of this from the Illinois example, which did use Plurality, why IRV? Or is IRV just an expedient, something one has to swallow to get the whole FairVote package, PR and all, through?</span><div>
<br>dlw: I support FairVote as the de facto leader of election reform in the US. They deserve that status for their spade work on communicating election reform concepts to US voters ignorant of the electoral debate. But yes, I believe IRV+PR > FPP+PR >> FPP. At issue is how much better, I don't know. I have been critical of FairVote in the past because they seemed to put too much of their political capital on IRV, as still is the case with the independent FairVoteMN in my home-state. I am glad that's going to change for FairVote. I want to do whatever I can to get that ball rolling in my country, including spending time on this list-serve arguing that such is more important than trying to replace IRV with another election rule. <br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
KM: So, in summary: I don't trust that IRV will give the necessary<br>changes. You do. We can keep on stating our claims backed by those<br>positions, but as long as we disagree on a more fundamental level, those<br>
claims won't do anything but highlight our own positions yet again.<br>
</blockquote><br>dlw: I recommend that you not push for the use of IRV in Norway. I also<br>hope that you and others do not stymie the coupling of IRV(hopefully in<br>hybrid form) + Am. Forms of PR that is emerging as what<br>
progressives/centrists/<u></u>activists are going to be rallying around in the<br>US. When smart people like you and others here state unequivocally that<br>Xoth>>Xirv it lowers Pirv without increasing Poth.<br></blockquote>
<br></div><span>KM: I hope that the momentum (to what degree it exists) can be turned in the right direction. Condorcet methods are being used in organizations (as well as a political party) right now. The United Nations uses Approval.</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: In orgs with fewer better informed voters and more serious options, condorcet methods would be clearly superior to IRV. Likewise with umpteen variations of proposals on the docket in the UN, Approval likely would be better than IRV. The trend is for experimentation away from FPTP. <br>
<br><span>KM: Furthermore, I would not say that my statements that X_other >> X_irv "lowers" P_irv as much as that it brings P_irv in line with its true value, should it persist. That is, I think IRV has several unappetizing properties that, when discovered, will have people leave it; and it's better they see those aspects now than later, so that they don't pull so much of the general idea of electoral reform down with them when they *do* see the bad parts of IRV.</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: Tell that to the nearly 50% of Burlington VT voters who wanted to keep IRV. P_irv is a short-run concept. I don't care what it's true value is in the long run, after all, I'm middle-brow on such things...</div>
<div>
<br><span>KM: True, claiming that X_other >> X_irv might not do much to P_other, except perhaps by making it less likely that IRV's flaws will taint the other methods. Raising P_other is a separate concern. It can be done by people signing the declaration, or when the parties and organizations currently using other methods serve as momentum of their own.</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: So you recognize that the old saw-horse of divide and conquer might be at work to stymie election reform in the US???<br><div>
<br><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">dlw: Ethically, the burden of proof is on those who oppose the working<br>
consensus proposal for reform to show that their preferred approach<br>is considerably better. I believe I have been holding to this ethical<br>principle in my emails on this list.<br></blockquote><br></div><span>KM:You have given proof based on your assumptions. You have then argued, based on those assumptions, that the counters were not applicable (such as that the theory is too theoretical or doesn't impact enough).</span> </div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: I have given plausible tweaks to rational choice assumptions that serve to argue that |X_irv - X_oth| < P_irv - P_oth and that the strategic use of PR in the US is of even greater importance than purportedly improving upon IRV. My args have been deconstructive such that what matters in teh short run are the short-run Ps, not the Xs or the long-run Ps. </div>
<div><br></div><div>If that doesn't convince then such is life. <br><br></div><div><div class="im" style>On 12/21/2011 05:10 AM, David L Wetzell wrote:<br><br></div><div class="im" style><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
Let me add RBJ that I really do appreciate your comments in response to<br>Kathy Dopp. I would add that if the GOP/Prog Haters cd go back in time<br>to the '09 election then IRV would have worked better because more of<br>
them would have voted strategically for the Dem candidate as their first<br>ranked choice. So I'd say 2009 was a learning election.... and I have<br>no problems whatsoever with some still having to vote strategically. I<br>
see this as a consequence of how IRV retains a tendency for there to be<br>2 major parties. What it does is makes it so those 2 major parties are<br>more dynamically drawn to be centered around the shifting de facto center.<br>
</blockquote></div><font color="#500050"><br style></font><span style>KM: Also, let me see if I got this right. You're saying that instead of having potentially direct multiparty rule by the use of an advanced method (or at least, no worse a rule than under IRV), you want to have two-party rule. You want to use a method that behaves strangely in certain situations, and you want the voters to take up the burden of making it behave properly by having them vote strategically.</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: I accept that 2 party domination is inevitable in the US or that it's much, much easier to get election reforms in a two-party dominated system when they do not challenge 2 party domination. What matters is that the 2 parties are given incentives to become more dynamic and that outsiders/dissenters are given voice and opportunities to move the center around which the two major parties center themselves. <br style>
<br style><span style>KM: So instead of a rule where people could vote mostly-honestly and could possibly get multipartyism directly, you want something where people still have to vote strategically and won't get anything more than (possibly contested) two-party rule even when they do. And why? Because all the momentum's with IRV?</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: Because even if I thought multi-party> two-party, I don't think it's >> two-party and as a matter of political cultural change, it's best to pick one's battles. In my view, the critical problem in the US is it's tendency to single-party rule, not whether there's a tendency to two-party domination. The latter can be contested more robustly and be more just if the two parties are more dynamic. <br style>
<br style><span style>KM: Doesn't that sound a bit bizarre? "I know of a voting method where you could vote honestly, but because FairVote got to IRV first, you'll just have to pinch your nose and vote strategically under IRV instead". Do you think that argument would go over well with the voters?</span></div>
<div><br></div><div>dlw: More like, "There are an infinite number of election rules. Many claims have been made that such and such an election rule is the best. I make no such claim. Neither do I claim that an even playing field across all parties will end our problems. What matters most is that we subvert the cut-throat competition between our two biggest parties and make them both give more voice to more people on more issues or else face their replacement by other parties. IRV and PR are well tested ways to do this. They'll make our democracy into a melding pot that balances the need for hierarchy and equality, continuity and change." <br style>
<br style><span style>KM: Why should we expect the voters to jump through hoops when electoral reform is supposed to remove the need to jump through hoops? I could understand your tradeoff if all that jumping through hoops gives you something (e.g. multipartyism) the other rules don't, but IRV doesn't even give you that.</span>
</div><div><span style><br></span></div><div><span style>dlw: It sets it up so that both major parties must adapt, listen to dissenters, so as to reposition themselves around the true, moving center. When we become less ideologically stodgy, escaping the tailspin we got caught in in recent decades for a number of reasons, we won't need an EU-style multi-party system. We'll do it our way...</span></div>
<div><span style><br></span></div><div><span style>dlw</span></div>