<div><div dir="ltr"><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">MO:1. Proportional Representation is obsolete, now that we have technology to easily implement Proxy Direct Democracy. (I discussed Proxy DD in a fairly recent post).</pre>
<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">dlw: I will look into it if you ask me kindly to do so and provide me a link to a good summary of it. </pre><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap"><br>MO: 2. Largest Remainder, with the Hare quota, doesn't favor small parties. It's<br>
unbiased with respect to party-size. But it's also not very proportional.<br>
dlw: 3 seat LR Hare is the form of PR I prescribe for "more local" elections that are typically never competitive and consequently rarely interesting. It is almost like 1 seat LR Hare, or First-Past the-Post. It has one candidate per party and one voter per voter. Most of the time, the top three vote-getters will get one seat each. However, if the top vote-getter were to beat their third place vote-getter by more than 1/3rd of the total vote then (s)he would get to appoint a vice-candidate to the 2nd seat for their party and the 2nd place vote-getter would get the third seat. If the top vote-getter were to beat the 2nd place vote-getter by more than 2/3rds of the vote, then (s)he would get to appoint two vice-candidates to hold the other two seats. It's that simple. Unlike most forms of PR, it doesn't require quotas. </pre>
<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap"><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap"><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">MO:It has lots of random deviation from proportionality. </pre></pre></pre><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">dlw:<i>Random?</i> If the vote percents were 40-30-20-10 then the top three would win one seat each. If they were 50-35-10-5 then the top vote-getter would get two seats. But this means that if the top vote getter were to get 43.3 or less of the vote then the third place candidate could win a seat with as little as 10% of the vote. That is what I mean when it favors small parties. It is not a random deviation from proportionality. </pre>
<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">And, I don't think proportionality matters. So long as we continue to use single-winner elections that favor bigger parties then we should be willing to use multi-seat elections that favor smaller parties. It's karma. The opposite biases will tend to even out over time...</pre>
<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">So if this was just using 3-seat LR Hare, like for a state representative election with 40,000 potential voters and 20,000 typical voters. Let's say there were two major parties, D and R who get 50 and 40% of the typical vote or 10,000 and 8,000 die-hard supporters. By virtue of these supporters, the major parties are guaranteed that their candidates will win a seat. However, since the third seat is in play. So let's say there are 2 third parties vying for the third seat. And let's say they succeed in grass/net-working among family/friends to persuading 20% each of the non-typical voters, or 4,000 voters to vote for them and they get split the remaining 10% of the typical vote 60-40%. Then, the Percent totals among the five parties would become </pre>
<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap"><font size="4">50/140=35.7% - 40/140=28.6% - 26/140 =</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; ">18.6</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; ">% - 24/140%=% - 17.1%. </span></pre>
<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap"><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">As a result, the third party that does the best wins a seat and gets to help decide which of the two major parties is effectively in power. But if there was a single-seat election that was going on at the same time as this election and the two third parties voted strategically in that "less local" election, they would be the swing voters. In both cases, they would get attention to their issues by the two major parties and influence would be decentralized. </pre>
</pre><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">MO: Sainte-Lague is the proportional PR. <br>
dlw:1. LR Hare is mathematically designed to minimize the absolute value of the difference between the percent of the vote received and the percent of the seats won by all of the parties in an election. </pre><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">
2. As stated above, if PR is used in conjunction with single-winner elections that are biased in favor of bigger parties then it does not need to hug proportionality. As I understand from "Choosing an electoral system", the best predictor of proportionality in practice is the number of contested seats, but greater numbers of contested seats in PR elections make for fewer competitive seats and less interesting elections...</pre>
<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap"><br>MO:PR is unwinnable in the U.S, where electoral reform, in addition to efforts for Proxy DD, should be about a better<br>single-winner method.</pre><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">
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</pre><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">dlw: why is PR unwinnable in the US? In 1870, we adopted 3-seat quasi-PR for IL state representative elections. It's an easy way to kill lots of birds at once. <br><br>MO:Of course, with Proxy DD, all decisions will be single-winner decisions, among all kinds of sets of alternatives.<br>
dlw: Why then is Proxy DD what makes PR obsolete?
<br>dlw<br></pre></div></div>