Hi all,<br><br><div>proxy voting for a person i in a specific election could maybe be formalized as follows:</div><div><br></div><div>V:=(v1,...vi,..., vN), where vi is the vote of voter i, 1<=i<=N, N is the number of voters.</div>
<div><div>V is the actual or publically announced votes of the voters, where 1 means yes, and 0 means no.</div></div><div><div>sum(V) counts the number of yes votes in V.</div></div><div>sum(-V):=sum(-1*V+1) counts the number of no votes in V.</div>
<div><br></div><div><div>Let Wi:=fi(V). </div><div>Wi is the vector of weights that voter i attaches to the votes in V, Wi=(Wi1,...Wii,...,WiN), 1<=i<=N., where the sum of all weights in Wi, sum(Wi) must be <=1</div>
<div>fi(V) is a function which is specific for voter i and allocates the vote of person i according to the votes in V.</div><div>Example, voter i gives the vote to voter j (i.e. j is the proxy of i). We get Wi=fi(V)=(0,...,1,...,0), where the 1 occurs on place j in the vector,</div>
</div><div><br></div><div>The vote tally is conducted as follows:</div><div>The yes vote of voter i is then calculated as the sum of weights for the yes votes: sum(Wi*V):=Wi1*V1+Wi2*V2+...+WiN*VN</div><div>The no vote of voter is is calculated as the sum of weights for the no votes: sum(Wi*-V).</div>
<div><br></div><div>Example: Say we have three voters a, b, c.</div><div>The vote is on bill B.</div><div>V=(1, 0, 1), i.e. a and c votes yes. b votes no.</div><div>Wa=(1,0,0), a votes for him/herself not delegating to any proxy</div>
<div>Wb=(1,0,0) if sum(V)>=2, Wb=(0,1,0) otherwise (i.e. the weight vectors with weight 1 for the first yes vote and the first no vote in V respectively), i.e. b votes according to the majority of the voters (like in a party fraction in parliament)</div>
<div><div>Wc=(1/3,2/3,0), i.e. c gives 1/3 of the vote to a and 2/3 of the vote to b.</div></div><div><br></div><div>Tally:</div><div>a: yes: 1, no: 0</div><div>b: yes: 1, no: 0</div><div>c: yes: 1/3, no: 2/3</div><div>Total: yes:2 1/3, no: 2/3</div>
<div>B gets a majority of yes votes and bill B is approved.</div><div><br></div><div>I think the generic framework above could be helpful when discussing the possibilities of proxy voting.</div><div><br></div><div><div><div>
Best regards<br>Peter Zbornik<br><br>On Sun, Oct 30, 2011 at 8:38 PM, Michael Allan <<a href="mailto:mike@zelea.com">mike@zelea.com</a>> wrote:<br>><br>> Dear Mike (and Kathy),<br>><br>> Mike wrote:<br>> > And a proxy needn't be a political figure, party leader, candidate,<br>
> > or anyone special. One's proxy could be _anyone_ whom one wants to<br>> > vote for hir. (As designated for a particular issue-category, or a<br>> > particular vote, or as pre-chosen default proxy). It could be a<br>
> > friend, family member, or any kind of public figure or advocate,<br>> > etc.<br>><br>> I see such flexibility as a step toward the more general facility of<br>> giving the elector hir own ballot to do with as s/he pleases. In that<br>
> sense, proxy voting is a partial solution to the problems described<br>> here in my thesis, which I trace precisely to the lack of such a<br>> facility: <a href="http://zelea.com/project/autonomy/a/fau/fau.xht">http://zelea.com/project/autonomy/a/fau/fau.xht</a><br>
><br>> I do technical work with proxy voting myself for project Votorola.<br>> See the figure caption at bottom for links to the voting theory:<br>> <a href="http://zelea.com/project/votorola/home.xht">http://zelea.com/project/votorola/home.xht</a><br>
><br>> > As You [Kathy] suggested, you could designate a different proxy for<br>> > various kinds of issues. But there could be different opinions on<br>> > which issues are in which categories, unless vote issues are<br>
> > specifically designated by categories. For that reason, it might be<br>> > necessary to designate such special proxies at the time of<br>> > voting. But maybe not: Maybe, if vote issues are<br>> > officially-designated by category, you could have pre-chosen proxies<br>
> > for different categories of votes.<br>> ><br>> > Of course, in addition, you could designate a special proxy (or a<br>> > special ranking of proxies) for any particular vote too.<br>><br>> We found it simpler to begin there, with the assumption that the voter<br>
> would cast a separate vote on every issue. This is the general case<br>> for us. Category voting then becomes the special case; or actually<br>> cases, because we allow any number of category schemes to be layered<br>
> atop the simple general system.<br>><br>> --<br>> Michael Allan<br>><br>> Toronto, +1 416-699-9528<br>> <a href="http://zelea.com/">http://zelea.com/</a><br>><br>><br>> Mike Ossipoff wrote:<br>
> > Kathy--<br>> ><br>> > You wrote:<br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Why not make the idea better yet? Allow all voters to select a<br>> > different representative for each issue of interest to the voter, so<br>
> > that one rep might be tasked to vote on environmental issues, another<br>> > on education issues, and perhaps another on foreign trade treaty<br>> > issues or on judicial appointments.... A voter could simply select a<br>
> > person to vote on all issues, or select separate persons for different<br>> > issues.<br>> ><br>> > [endquote]<br>> ><br>> > Absolutely. I don't remember if that was in my earlier proposal, but of course<br>
> > it should be.<br>> ><br>> > One would have a pre-chosen default proxy designation, as I described, but one would also be<br>> > able to designate a proxy on any particular vote.<br>> ><br>
> > And a proxy needn't be a political figure, party leader, candidate, or anyone special.<br>> > One's proxy could be _anyone_ whom one wants to vote for hir. (As designated for a particular<br>> > issue-category, or a particular vote, or as pre-chosen default proxy).<br>
> > It could be a friend, family member, or any kind of public figure or<br>> > advocate, etc.<br>> ><br>> > The Proxy Direct Democracy that I proposed could be voted by telephone or Internet.<br>> ><br>
> > As I mentioned, the voter would have an anonymous voter ID number.<br>> ><br>> > That would make voting by telephone or website feasible.<br>> ><br>> > Here's one way that the voter could get that ID number:<br>
> ><br>> > The person intending to register to vote writes a random 20 digit number on a piece<br>> > of paper, and folds the paper. In the registration office, s/he drops it into a drum<br>> > of other people's similarly-folded, identical-looking, voter ID number slips, and turns the drum, to obscure which paper<br>
> > s/he dropped in.<br>> ><br>> > That number now is an anonymous voter ID number. A voter can use it to vote by phone, or at<br>> > a website. And, additionally, of course, the voter can designate a default proxy, for any vote in<br>
> > which that voter doesn't take part.<br>> ><br>> ><br>> > As You suggested, you could designate a different proxy for various kinds of issues. But<br>> > there could be different opinions on which issues are in which categories, unless vote issues are<br>
> > specifically designated by categories. For that reason, it might be necessary to designate such<br>> > special proxies at the time of voting. But maybe not: Maybe, if vote issues are officially-designated by<br>
> > category, you could have pre-chosen proxies for different categories of votes.<br>> ><br>> > Of course, in addition, you could designate a special proxy (or a special ranking of proxies) for<br>> > any particular vote too.<br>
> ><br>> > So you can vote only on issues that interest you and that you're informed on, confident that<br>> > you've designated someone else to vote on the others for you.<br>> ><br>> > Mike Ossipoff<br>
> ><br>> ><br>> > guess a potential problem with this is that some issues<br>> > overlap and Congress would have to stop the horsetrading process of<br>> > throwing dozens of unrelated things into the same bill.<br>
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