<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;"><br></blockquote>2011/10/25 Kathy Dopp <<a href="mailto:kathy.dopp@gmail.com">kathy.dopp@gmail.com</a>><br>><br>
> > From: Jameson Quinn <<a href="mailto:jameson.quinn@gmail.com">jameson.quinn@gmail.com</a>><br>><br>> > Here's some discussion of PAL representation's legality in the<br>> > US<<a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/PAL_representation#Note_on_legality_in_US">http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/PAL_representation#Note_on_legality_in_US</a>>.<br>
> > A state could pass a law to use FMV (a true proportional system) until the<br>> > anti-PR federal law is repealed, then automatically switch to PAL<br>> > representation (an easy and smooth transition; FMV was a major inspiration<br>
> > for PAL). Basically, I think it's an important fact that FMV is the only<br>> > known proportional system *compatible with current US federal law*. (There<br>> > are no US constitutional barriers to PR, just federal law).<br>
> ><br>><br>> Jameson,<br>><br>> I believe the federal law applies only to federal elections. Thus a<br>> state could allocate its state legislative seats proportionately in<br>> any fair way that did not violate other laws. In general, Congress<br>
> only passes electoral laws pertaining to federal elections. Isn't that<br>> so?<div><br></div><div>No.</div><div><br>Constitution:<br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; <b>but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations</b>, except as to the Place of Chusing Senators.<br>
<br><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></blockquote>Federal law:<br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote>Public Law 90-196<br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote>90th Congress<br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote>An Act<br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote> <br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote>For the relief of Doctor Ricardo Vallejo Samala and to provide for congressional redistricting.<br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote> <br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote>Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,<br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote> <br><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote>That, for the purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act, Doctor Ricardo Vallejo Samala shall be held and considered to have been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence as of August 30, 1959.<br>
<blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
</blockquote> <br>In each State entitled in the Ninety-first Congress or in any subsequent Congress thereafter to more than one Representative under an apportionment made pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of section 22 of the Act of June 18, 1929, entitled 'An Act to provide for apportionment of Representatives' (46 Stat. 26), as amended, there shall be established by law a <b>number of districts equal to the number of Representatives</b> to which such State is so entitled, and Representatives shall be elected only from districts so established, <b>no district to elect more than one Representative</b> (except that a State which is entitled to more than one Representative and which has in all previous elections elected its Representatives at Large may elect its Representatives at Large to the Ninety-first Congress).</blockquote>
><br>> I did not realize that Jefferson supported a proportional system of<br>> electing representatives.<br>><br>> Kathy Dopp<br>> <a href="http://electionmathematics.org">http://electionmathematics.org</a><br>
> Town of Colonie, NY 12304<br>> "One of the best ways to keep any conversation civil is to support the<br>> discussion with true facts."<br>> "Renewable energy is homeland security."<br>><br>
> Fundamentals of Verifiable Elections<br>> <a href="http://kathydopp.com/wordpress/?p=174">http://kathydopp.com/wordpress/?p=174</a><br>><br>> View some of my research on my SSRN Author page:<br>> <a href="http://ssrn.com/author=1451051">http://ssrn.com/author=1451051</a><br>
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