Here's the link for my newly-proposed PR system "<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/LAP_representation#Advantages">LAP (Locally-Accountable Proportional) representation</a></span>". Comments and suggestions on rules or naming are welcome.<div>
<br></div><div>Here's a copy of the page:</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2em; ">
LAP representation</h1><div id="bodyContent"><div id="contentSub" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.2em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.4em; margin-left: 1em; color: rgb(125, 125, 125); width: auto; ">
</div><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">LAP (Locally-Accountable Proportional) representation is a system for electing a legislature, such that ballot secrecy is preserved but each voter can know who their representative is. Unlike with single-member districts (as currently used in the US and UK), an overwhelming majority (not just a little more than half) of voters will have a representative whom they've actually supported in some way. It is designed to be a gentle change from a single-member-district system, and districts can remain unchanged. Most representatives will represent multiple districts, and each district will have one representative from each represented party. For instance, if two parties divide the legislature 50:50, then each representative will have two districts and each district will have two representatives (one from each party). The basic idea is:</p>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Candidates pre-announce their rank-ordering of the parties (starting with their own party) and may optionally approve/disapprove within each party candidates. Their votes will never be transferred to disapproved candidates.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Voters may vote on the candidates in their or nearby districts, or write in candidates from farther off. Votes are delegated by default but optionally, voters may refuse to delegate or vote approval-style.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Each delegated ballot is transformed into the pre-announced vote of the candidate it supports.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">A legislature is elected by a version of <a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/STV" title="STV" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 43, 184); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">STV</a> (with fractional transfers and a Droop quota.)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Each district "drafts" one member of each elected party from the elected slate.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Your representative is the member of the party you voted for who is representing your district.</li>
</ul><h2 style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; ">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px; font-size: 13px; ">[<a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/index.php?title=LAP_representation&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Full Procedure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 43, 184); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Full_Procedure">Full Procedure</span></h2>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Candidates pre-announce their rank-ordering of the parties (starting with their own party) and may optionally disapprove of any other candidates.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
Voters may vote on the candidates in their or nearby districts, or write in candidates from farther off.</li>
</ul><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">First, to simplify the ballots, the population is separated into a "district" for each seat, and "districts" are grouped into sets of 2 or 3 "co-districts". The ballot for each district lists the incumbents and candidates from that district in a larger font, and the candidates from its co-districts below that in a smaller font. Write-ins may be used to vote for candidates from other districts not listed on the ballot, so the districts only matter for ballot simplicity (Voters do not want to have a ballot with many dozens of candidates on it, but write-ins allow full freedom for those voters who want it). Larger parties will usually run one candidate per district; smaller parties may just run one candidate per co-district set.</p>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Each vote is transformed into the pre-announced party preference order and individual approvals/disapprovals of the candidate it chooses.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">A legislature is elected by a version of <a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/STV" title="STV" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 43, 184); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">STV</a>.</li>
</ul><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; "><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; "><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Delegated votes first count full-weight for their chosen candidate. Once that candidate is elected or eliminated, a vote is divided equally among all non-disapproved, non-eliminated members of the top party remaining on that ballot with any such members.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Undelegated votes are divided equally among all approved, non-eliminated candidates on that ballot.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Any candidates who reach a <a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/index.php?title=Droop_quota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Droop quota (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(204, 34, 0); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Droop quota</a> are immediately and simultaneously elected, and their ballots are reweighted to eliminate a Droop quota.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">If there are no candidates who reach a <a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/index.php?title=Droop_quota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Droop quota (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(204, 34, 0); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Droop quota</a>, the party with the fewest votes is identified, and the candidate from that party with the fewest votes is eliminated. All votes for that candidate are reassigned as outlined above.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">If the above finishes without electing a full slate, the last candidate to be eliminated is elected.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">If there is still no full slate, the process is rerun from the beginning (again electing the last candidate standing) until a full slate is reached.</li>
</ul></dd></dl><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Each district "drafts" one member of each elected party from the elected slate.</li></ul><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; "><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
The draft proceeds as follows:<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">First, each representative is drafted by their home district.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">From then on, the draft proceeds in descending order of votes. That is, if more votes from district 1 go to candidate A than any other eligible district:candidate pair, then A is drafted to that district.</li>
</ul><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; "><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; "><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">General rule: All representatives from a party must be drafted N times before any representative from that party may be drafted N+1 times.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">General rule: No district may draft two representatives from the same party.</li>
</ul></dd></dl></dd></dl><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">Your representative is the member of the party you voted for who is representing your district. If no member of the party you voted for was elected, then you may look at the public ballot of your chosen candidate to see which of your district's representatives is yours.</li>
</ul><h2 style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; ">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px; font-size: 13px; ">[<a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/index.php?title=LAP_representation&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Advantages" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 43, 184); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Advantages">Advantages</span></h2>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">If:</li></ul><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; "><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; "><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/skins/monobook/bullet.gif); ">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">all votes are for one of the two main-party candidates in the voter's district,</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">all candidates approve everyone from their party</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
and the districts are divided fairly so that plurality would give a proportional result</li></ul></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">... then LAP representation (like SODA-PR or Balinski's "Fair Representation") gives the same results as plurality. These assumptions will not generally be perfectly true, but they will generally be close to true, so LAP representation will give results that are recognizably similar to those of single-member districts. It is hoped that this would make it a more acceptable system to politicians who have won under single-winner rules.</dd>
</dl><h2 style="color: rgb(204, 102, 0); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; ">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px; font-size: 13px; ">[<a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/index.php?title=LAP_representation&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: Justification" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 43, 184); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Justification">Justification</span></h2>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">A modified version of STV is used as the proportional system for simplicity. Other proportional systems (such as BTV [Bucklin Transferrable Vote]) would also work. The equal ranking, and resulting fractional division of votes, is necessary for three reasons. First, it allows for approval-style votes to be counted without complicating the ballot. Second, it allows candidates to exercise judgment independently from their party (disapproving of certain party members), but keeps the voter's judgment as primary. If candidates couldn't exercise judgment, parties would have to waste energy keeping out "crazy" candidates who affiliate only because of the transfer votes they might get. If candidates could fully-rank within the party, as would happen if the PR system were standard STV, there would be too many opportunities for logrolling, at a level of detail where voters wouldn't realistically keep track or hold candidates accountable. Third, equal-ranking allows us to claim that this system could, under reasonable circumstances, elect exactly the same representatives as a non-gerrymandered single-member-district system.</p>
</div></span></div>