<div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><i>Continuing to consider SODA's advantages with groups often skeptical of reform....</i></div>
<div><br></div><div>Second, there's <b>politicians</b>. By definition, these are people who have prospered under the current system; whose livelihood depends on knowing their way around it; and whom you need at least some of on your side if you're ever going to pass any reforms. If they were purely self-interested, it would be pretty much impossible; because why would they want to change the system that has made them winners? But, while you could certainly get me to say all kinds of bad things about politicians, it's still important to recognize that they're not just motivated by self-interest. All but the most corrupt care at least to some degree about the public interest; and even the most corrupt have to try to fake it.</div>
<div><br></div><div>So, imagine you're selling voting reform to some basically-honest, public-interested politician. You have two tasks: convince them that it will help the public, and help them understand how they could continue to prosper under this new system. For helping the public, you talk about results; I'll make some of those arguments, about how SODA gives good results, below. Here, I want to talk about how SODA, unlike other systems, is not too radical a change from a politician's point of view.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Under plurality, a politician's job is to be seen as the strongest candidate in their own party, then to be seen as the lesser evil by 51% of the voters at large. That is, they're affiliated with a party, and they're probably not interested in changing that label. Voting reform is a threat if it makes parties irrelevant, or worse, if it makes that (R) or (D) next to their name into a liability.</div>
<div><br></div><div>This is where I listen to FairVote. Say what you will about their sometimes-sneaky tactics (I find their recent false-flag blog at <a href="http://rangevoting.com" target="_blank">rangevoting.com</a> to be despicable, not to mention flat-out wrong on many points), people like Rob Richie have by far the most experience promoting voting reform with U.S. politicians. And I don't think their hangup about Lesser-No-Harm (hereafter just LNH, becase they never talk about Lesser-No-Help) is purely irrational. I think LNH matters to politicians.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Under non-LNH systems like Condorcet, if you're the second choice of three or more non-majority groups, you win. To a politician steeped in plurality, that seems like cheating. It means that any old centrist can come along, without paying their dues in a party, and as long as they're positioned in between the two major parties, they win. To put a name on this story, I call it the Perot effect. I'm not claiming that Perot actually would have been a Condorcet winner - at the time of the elections, at least, he probably wouldn't have. But in the story, there's someone who is ideologically around the median voter, and in a partisan electorate and a non-LNH system, they're unbeatable.</div>
<div><br></div><div>LNH prevents that. If you've paid your dues, and you have status in a major party, an LNH system will not look past that unless it has to. That's important to a politician, who has already paid those dues. And it also arguably has an element of public interest. Perot's quitting and re-launching his campaign, in my opinion, showed a dangerous lack of constancy, a quality that I think is important for a president. And the party grind, the slow climb to status in a party, is one way to demonstrate constancy and other qualities. (Personally, I don't think that all the qualites it demonstrates are desirable. But they do include good qualities like experience, constancy, and diplomacy). LNH guarantees that unvetted candidates can't win in a DH3 pathology.</div>
<div><br></div><div><b>And SODA satisfies LNH </b>for voters [1]<b>.</b> On the approval side, that's just on a technicality. Since, simply going from the ballot, no approval is "later" than an other, the fact that they can "harm" each other doesn't break LNH. But on the delegated side, SODA is really squaring the circle, providing a method that is both LNH and Condorcet compliant. It can accomplish that impossibility partly because of the constraints on delegated votes (they must follow one of the pre-announced rankings, each of which is headed by a different candidate), but mostly because in the post-election assignment phase, all totals and all rankings are known. A candidate might wish they could conceal their rankings from earlier players in the assignment order, but when their turn to assign comes, later-ranked candidates cannot harm earlier-ranked ones. So a delegated vote, with the candidate's pre-declared "later" rankings implicitly included, cannot be worse than an undelegated bullet vote, unless you disagree with those later rankings.</div>
<div><br></div><div>[1] It doesn't satisfy LNH for the candidate's initial declaration of preference rankings. But a candidate who refuses to declare their second preferences, simply encourages their voters to do so for them, which is not in the candidate's interest. Only a frontrunner candidate --- that is, someone who's been vetted, not a dark horse --- might get away with that, because voters would not see the need to include backup votes.</div>
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