We had a discussion about the best practical single-winner proposal, which, while it certainly wasn't as conclusive as I'd hoped, seemed productive to me. I think we should have a similar discussion about PR.<div><br>
</div><div>Obviously, the situations in the UK and in the USA are very different in this regard. The UK is, as far as I know, the origin of the PR movement (in the 1860s and 1870s, liberals gained seats disproportionately as the franchise was extended, and Conservatives looked for a "fairer" system to recoup their losses). And it's part of Europe, where people have experience with PR. But both the UK and the US currently elect their principal representative bodies by district-based FPTP/plurality.</div>
<div><br></div><div>And so I'd like to suggest that we should be looking for a PR system which satisfies the following criteria:</div><div><br></div><div>1. Truly proportional (of course). I would be willing to support a not-truly-proportional system, but I'm not everyone. Egregious compromises on this issue will simply reduce the activist base, to no benefit.</div>
<div>2. Includes a geographical aspect. People are attached to the "local representation" feature of FPTP, whether that's rational or not.</div><div>3. No "closed list". A party should not be able to completely shield any member from the voters. In general, voter power is preferable to party power, insofar as it's compatible with the next criterion.</div>
<div>4. Simple ballots. A reasonably-thorough voter should not have to mark more than, say, 5 candidates or options, and an average ballot should not list more than 20 candidates or options. Those are extreme limits; simpler is better, all the way down to around 7 options (of which only around half will be salient and/or viable).</div>
<div>5. Ideally, the smoothest transition possible. If existing single-winner districts can be used unchanged, all the better.</div><div>6. Insofar as it's compatible with the criteria above, greater freedom in voting is better. For instance, if ballots are printed with only in-district candidates, a system which allows out-of-district write-ins is better than one which doesn't, all other things being equal.</div>
<div><br></div><div>My proposal for SODA-PR satisfies and surpasses all 5 criteria. Other systems which do reasonably well:</div><div>-I've seen a proposal for single-member districts and open party lists. This is similar to my SODA-PR system, except that it requires that all candidates in a party approve the same party set. As such, it is strictly worse on criterion 3, without being notably better on any of the other criteria. It is more conventional, though.</div>
<div>-Multimember districts, with some system inside each district.</div><div>-Mixed member systems.</div><div><br></div><div>Still, I would argue that SODA-PR sets a high water mark on all the criteria I mentioned, and is therefore the system to beat. I'm somewhat surprised that it hasn't gotten more comments. I'd especially like it if people could come up with clever mechanisms to (virtually) ensure that discarding whole ballots gives the same results as fractional ballot reweighting, using some probabilistic wording or process. (For instance: "When choosing seat N+1, select the previous N seats with random discarding until you get the same answer three times"... needs work I think. Or a proof that the fractional process is always the highest-probability result of the random-discard process - which I'm sure is very close to true, but not sure is true - so that you could write a statute to just say "highest-probability result".)</div>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><div><br></div><div>JQ</div>