<div>Hello,</div>
<div> </div>
<div>thanks for the information.</div>
<div>It seems a bit unusual to keep switching methods.</div>
<div>I don't understand how proportionality is achieved.</div>
<div>I would appreciate if Votefair ranking would have some mathematical description and at least well described and discussed in some peer-reviewed paper.</div>
<div>According to the description votefair ranking looks like STV.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>I also have some concerns about the vote-counting.</div>
<div>We would need to make sure that the vote counting cannot not be manipulated and that the count is independently verifiable.</div>
<div>Is the vote-counting program possible to install on a computer?</div>
<div>Is it open source?</div>
<div>Is the count implementable by a reasonably skilled programator?</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Peter<br><br></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 10:20 PM, <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:VoteFair@solutionscreative.com">VoteFair@solutionscreative.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">To Peter Zbornik, per your request for a proportional election method for<br>the Czech Green party:<br><br>
I recommend that you use VoteFair representation ranking to achieve your<br>goal of fairness in electing your Green Party's council members.<br><br>VoteFair representation ranking has these characteristics:<br><br>* It is relatively easy to explain and understand. (It is explained below.)<br>
<br>* Reliable software to do the calculations (and optionally the balloting) is<br>available for free at VoteFair.org.<br><br>* Drafts of statutes to implement it already exist, and I can modify those<br>for your situation.<br>
<br>* It has been successfully used in a similarly adversarial election of<br>directors.<br><br>* Most importantly, it produces fair results when a group is split into a<br>few different sub-groups.<br><br>Here is a testimonial from Allan Barber who coordinated the use of VoteFair<br>
representation ranking for electing directors of the San Francisco Bay Area<br>Curling Club:<br><br>"Our club is extremely pleased with multiple aspects of the VoteFair system.<br>The ability to vote online meant an extremely high voter turnout,<br>
approximately 70-75%! Equally as important are the concepts underlying the<br>VoteFair system. Using a comparison system instead of the more common<br>method of voting for a single candidate we came out knowing that we had<br>
voted in the candidates our club members preferred to have in the seats.<br>Not only were there a number of good candidates, which could have split a<br>conventional vote to the point of electing a non-preferred candidate, but<br>
our club is essentially split between 2 facilities and some candidates were<br>known better in one or other of the facilities. VoteFair [ranking] gave us<br>the ability to balance that out transparently. Thanks!"<br>
<br>Verbally I was told that everyone in the club -- except the people who did<br>not get re-elected -- liked the results.<br><br>Before explaining the method, please consider that the reason your group's<br>voters are "dishonest" is that the current voting rules allow a voter to<br>
vote strategically in a way that gives that voter (or that voter's subgroup)<br>increased (compared to other voters) influence over the results. A<br>well-designed voting method does not allow the results to be influenced by<br>
strategic voting. In other words, widespread strategic voting reveals that<br>the voting method, not the voters, are flawed.<br><br>Regarding strategic voting, range voting is vulnerable to strategic voting<br>by using an approval-like approach where the approved candidates are given<br>
the highest score and the disapproved candidates are given the lowest score.<br>(I presume the re-weighted version has the same basic weakness.) IRV and<br>(all versions of) STV also are well-known to be vulnerable to strategic<br>
voting. These reasons alone are enough to disqualify them for use in your<br>situation. The fact that they do not necessarily elect a Condorcet winner<br>is yet another flaw.<br><br>As you recognize, the Condorcet criteria is important for electing your<br>
president. You want to ensure that he/she is pairwise preferred over each<br>of the other candidates.<br><br>To achieve the Condorcet portion (but not yet the proportional portion) of<br>the outcome, I recommend using the Condorcet-Kemeny method. For a simple<br>
description of the method, here is the first paragraph of its description in<br>the "Condorcet method" Wikipedia article<br>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorcet_method#Kemeny-Young_method" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorcet_method#Kemeny-Young_method</a>):<br>
<br>"[This] method considers every possible sequence of choices in terms of<br>which choice might be most popular, which choice might be second-most<br>popular, and so on down to which choice might be least popular. Each such<br>
sequence is associated with a Kemeny score that is equal to the sum of the<br>pairwise counts that apply to the specified sequence. The sequence with the<br>highest score is identified as the overall ranking, from most popular to<br>
least popular."<br><br>Of course you would have to add a description of pairwise counting, but<br>Wikipedia and other sources (indicated below) provide simple and clear<br>descriptions of pairwise counting.<br><br>The second paragraph provides a visual way to think of the Condorcet-Kemeny<br>
method:<br><br>"When the pairwise counts are arranged in a matrix in which the choices<br>appear in sequence from most popular (top and left) to least popular (bottom<br>and right), the winning Kemeny score equals the sum of the counts in the<br>
upper-right, triangular half of the matrix (shown here in bold on a green<br>background)."<br><br>A disadvantage of the Condorcet-Kemeny method (emphasized by Markus Schulze)<br>is that it is difficult to write software to calculate the results quickly,<br>
and it is difficult to write the code that handles cases of circular<br>ambiguity and multiple highest Kemeny scores. Yet this software-writing<br>disadvantage disappears by using the software at VoteFair.org; I've already<br>
resolved those software-writing challenges. Anyone can use that<br>server-based software for free. During the last 10 years it has been used<br>for hundreds of real-life polls and surveys and dozens of (non-government)<br>
elections, so it is fully debugged.<br><br>In your situation, the Condorcet-Kemeny method would be used to identify<br>which candidate is most popular. That person would be elected president.<br><br>Now I'll describe VoteFair representation ranking. It would be used to fill<br>
the second seat, which in your case would be the vice president. (There has<br>been some debate about whether the president and vice president should be<br>elected separately from the other council members, but I suggest keeping the<br>
process simple; the approach I'm recommending will produce fair results.)<br><br>The core of VoteFair representation ranking is to reduce the influence of<br>the voters who just elected the winner of the first seat. Those voters, who<br>
clearly constitute a majority (because they elected the president), would<br>have their collective influence reduced to the degree that they exceed a<br>majority (50 percent of the voters). For example, in a simplistic case, if<br>
60 percent of the voters favor the about-to-be-president as their first<br>choice, then their collective influence would be scaled back to what can be<br>thought of as 10 percent (the amount beyond 50 percent), so that the<br>
remaining 40 percent of the voters can (to the extent they are in agreement<br>with one another) elect their first choice as the vice president.<br><br>To prevent strategic voting (such as by marking an obscure candidate as the<br>
first choice), there is an adjustment for identifying which voters account<br>for the winning of the first seat (the presidency in this case). It is a<br>two-step process. First, all the voters who ranked the new president as<br>
their first choice would have their ballots ignored temporarily, and the<br>most popular candidate (based on the remaining ballots and the remaining<br>candidates, and using the Condorcet-Kemeny method) would be calculated.<br>
This person we'll call the "alternative winner." As the second step, the<br>ballots identified for reduced influence (for filling the second seat) are<br>the ones in which the new president is ranked higher than the "alternative<br>
winner." With this approach, a voter cannot strongly favor the new<br>president and also strongly oppose the likely winner of the second seat. In<br>fact, if there is a strategic way to vote under this method, I don't know<br>
what it is.<br><br>A recent example of how well VoteFair representation ranking works occurred<br>in a poll for American Idol contestants. The results are at this URL:<br><a href="http://www.votefair.org/results-43200-51085-40733.html" target="_blank">http://www.votefair.org/results-43200-51085-40733.html</a><br>
In this poll, the majority of voters were fans of Clay Aiken (which caused<br>him to be ranked as most popular) and those voters insincerely ranked Adam<br>Lambert very low, so that Adam Lambert was seventh out of twelve according<br>
to Condorcet-Kemeny calculations. Yet VoteFair representation ranking<br>reveals that Adam Lambert is actually second-most popular -- or second-most<br>"representative."<br><br>(Clarification: The word "popular" has two different interpretations, where<br>
one refers to how many people approve of the choice and the other refers to<br>how strongly people like the choice. As an example, TV stations basically<br>only care about how many people watch the show, not how much the viewers<br>
like the show -- beyond what it takes for them to choose to watch it.)<br><br>After identifying (via Condorcet-Kemeny) the most popular-and-representative<br>candidate (your president), and after identifying (via VoteFair<br>
representation ranking) the second-most representative candidate (your vice<br>president), the third-seat winner is identified using the Condorcet-Kemeny<br>method among the remaining candidates (and all the ballots). The fourth<br>
candidate uses VoteFair representation ranking where the just-elected choice<br>is the the third-most representative choice. And so on. This process<br>(which is executed using a single mouse click) would identify the top five<br>
or seven most-representative candidates as your council members (with the<br>top-ranked ones also being designated as president and vice president).<br><br>I've just explained VoteFair representation ranking. Do you think your<br>
Green-party members will understand this method?<br><br>An even clearer explanation of VoteFair representation ranking is in my book<br>titled "Ending The Hidden Unfairness In U.S. Elections." It can be read<br>
online (free) using Google books; just search for "Richard Fobes". Chapter<br>15 is the one that describes VoteFair representation ranking. Chapter 12<br>clearly describes VoteFair popularity ranking, which is mathematically<br>
equivalent to the Condorcet-Kemeny method (which I was unaware of when I<br>created the method). (If there are any access limits on these chapters,<br>please let me know and I can resolve that.)<br><br>Another resource is Wikipedia. The Condorcet-Kemeny method is described in<br>
the "Kemeny-Young method" article. Currently I cannot write a Wikipedia<br>article that explains VoteFair representation ranking because the method<br>hasn't been published in an academic publication, and because I am its<br>
originator. However, if the Czech Green party chooses this method and<br>someone else expands the "VoteFair ranking" article (which now just<br>redirects to the Condorcet-Kemeny article), I would be happy to refine the<br>
article to include a description of VoteFair representation ranking (and<br>other components of VoteFair ranking, which also includes party-based<br>proportionality methods).<br><br>Yet another description of what is mathematically equivalent to the<br>
Condorcet-Kemeny method appears in my how-to book on creative problem<br>solving, which is titled "The Creative Problem Solver's Toolbox." The book<br>has been translated into Czech, so you might find that there is a<br>
Czech-language description of that method in the Czech edition. (I haven't<br>seen the Czech edition.)<br><br>As for ballots, your voters could vote online using the interactive ballots<br>at VoteFair.org, but duplicates would have to be removed (probably based on<br>
randomly assigned ID numbers). For this purpose consider that the VoteFair<br>site can handle high levels of voting traffic, presumably even if all 400<br>ballots are cast within the same minute. Or you can collect digital data<br>
from 1-2-3 ballots (also known by the redundant phrase "preferential<br>ballots") from some other source, and I can write code that converts its<br>output into VoteFair XML importable code. I don't know of any open-source<br>
software that reads paper ballots, but if you find such software, we can<br>similarly import it into the VoteFair XML format.<br><br>Perhaps a more viable option would be to digitally photograph all the paper<br>ballots, distribute those photographs to two or three groups of members, and<br>
each group can have 5 or 10 people manually enter the preference<br>information, with the groups using separate/independent VoteFair election<br>IDs. If the results are different between the groups, the errors<br>(intentional or not) can be tracked down (especially if two of three groups<br>
get the same result). When you create the paper ballots, I suggest using<br>the layout that is used in the interactive ballots; otherwise you will be<br>tempted to ask voters to write numbers, and those numbers are often<br>
illegible.<br><br>The VoteFair site does have a limit of 12 choices (per question). On my<br>computer I can handle more choices. However, I find that voters are<br>overwhelmed if they have to rank more than 12 choices -- even though they<br>
can rank multiple candidates at the same preference level. If this<br>limitation is a problem, there are other alternatives, one of which is to<br>use an informal approval-voting process to dismiss candidates who do not<br>
have significant support.<br><br>I have not yet answered all your questions, but at this point I have a<br>question. Is this approach of interest to you? If so, I would be happy to<br>assist you in developing a proposal to your group, and then making it<br>
happen.<br><br>As the author of a how-to book on creative problem solving that has been<br>published in nine languages, I'll point out that unfair voting methods are<br>the cause of many of the world's biggest problems. Helping your group would<br>
create a path for others to follow as we take democracy to higher levels of<br>fairness.<br><br>Richard Fobes<br><br><br></blockquote></div><br>