<div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Raph Frank</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:raphfrk@gmail.com">raphfrk@gmail.com</a>></span><br>Date: Tue, Apr 27, 2010 at 2:51 PM<br>
Subject: Re: [EM] Proportional election method needed for the Czech Green party - Council elections<br>To: Peter Zbornik <<a href="mailto:pzbornik@gmail.com">pzbornik@gmail.com</a>><br><br><br>
<div class="im">On Tue, Apr 27, 2010 at 9:18 AM, Peter Zbornik <<a href="mailto:pzbornik@gmail.com">pzbornik@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>> thanks for your information and the short explanation on STV.<br>> I was thinking about d'Hondt's method in general.<br>
<br></div>D'Hondt is equivalent to the Jefferson Method. It is clearer why that<br>is proportional.<br><br>1) pick an initial divisor<br>2) divide each party's vote total by the divisor<br>3) For each party round down to the nearest whole number of seats<br>
4) If the total number of seats is correct, then finish<br>5) Otherwise, update to a better divisor and repeat (go to 2)<br><br>Lots of divisors will give the correct number of seats, but they<br>always give the same number of seats per party.<br>
<br>So, you take each party's vote total, divide it by a number and then<br>round downward. This means that the method is proportional, except<br>for rounding errors. The divisor will work out to be around (votes<br>
cast)/(seats).<br><br>Sainte-Lague rounds to the nearest whole number rather than rounding<br>downwards. This is why Sainte Lague is fairer (though there can be<br>strategy issues for smaller parties).<br><br>Anyway, the process for d'Hondt is equivalent to:<br>
<br>The initial divisor is set equal to the number of votes received by<br>the largest party.<br><br>When you divide all the other parties' totals by this value, they all<br>give a fraction less than one, so none of the other parties receive<br>
any seats. The largest party gets 1 seat. This is the same as<br>d'Hondt.<br><br>When updating the divisor, we reduce it by just enough so that 1<br>additional seat is assigned.<br><br>If party has N seats and V votes, then the divisor must drop below<br>
<br>divisor = V/(N+1)<br><br>before it will get the next seat.<br><br>So, according to the update rule, we reduce the divisor so that at<br>most one more party gets a seat. Therefore, we need to find the party<br>who gets its next seat at the highest possible divisor.<br>
<br>So, we pick the party with the highest<br><br>V/(N+1)<br><br>and we set the divisor so that they get 1 more seat. So, we set the<br>divisor to slightly below the above number.<br><br>This means that the party who has the highest V/(N+1) gets the next<br>
seat in each step.<br><br>However, this is exactly what d'Hondt does. It just doesn't calculate<br>the divisors at each step.<br></div><br>