<div dir="ltr">Jobst,<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2008/10/16 Jobst Heitzig <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:heitzig-j@web.de">heitzig-j@web.de</a>></span><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Dear Raph,<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
you wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
The thing is that in such a case, it isn't really a single 'demos'. It is two groups voting as one.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
Do you mean to say democracy is only for societies which are<br>
sufficiently homogeneous?<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
That doesn't help because then the majority on issue A will still<br>
overrule the rest in every single decision on that issue. So a<br>
compromise option for that issue will have no chance.<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
You can still have compromises.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
Only if the majority for some reason prefers to elect the compromise<br>
than their favourite. But in that it seems the "favourite" was just not<br>
the true favourite of the majority but the compromise was. So, still the<br>
minority has no influence on the decision but can only hope that the<br>
majority is nice enough to decide for the compromise.<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
In fact, it can be helpful if multiple issues are voted as a single unit. This allows negotiation between factions in order to make up the majority.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
This common behavious is a pretty artificial construct to overcome the<br>
discussed drawbacks of majoritarian rules.<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
A faction can make compromises on issues that it doesn't care about<br>
in order to get things that it does. This requires there is no solid<br>
bloc though.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
And when both factions care about both issues?<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
A split society will only function poorly when a majoritarian<br>
method is used. When they use a method like FAWRB instead, they<br>
will function well because then they will care what the other<br>
faction wants, will try to devise good compromise options, and will<br>
vote in a way which makes sure the good compromises are elected<br>
instead of the random ballot result. This is possible *precisely*<br>
because with a non-majoritarian method the majority cannot simply<br>
ignore the minority but has to figure out how to get them to<br>
approve a compromise that is sufficiently near to their favourite.<br>
Non-majoritarian methods encourage discourse and cooperation.<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
Sounds reasonable, the problem is that a) people don't like random methods b) it will result in certain outlier elements in society getting some power.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
a) FAWRB is not a random but a very specific and quite sophisticated<br>
method. It only uses a certain amount of chance, just as many things in<br>
our life do. Chance should not be mixed up with arbitrariness. Used in a<br>
rational way, FAWRB will usually elect good compromise options with near<br>
certainty, not leading to significant amounts of randomness.<div class="Ih2E3d"></div></blockquote><div><br>But randomness of FAWRB can cause institutional conflicts, especially if the minority faction leader was the winner. My suggestion if your scenario exists is:<br>
<br>1. Perform simultaneously an approval election and a PR election for an electoral college<br>2. If the approval winner has approval higher than a threshold (e.g. 2/3), s(he) is elected.<br>3. Otherwise the electoral college performs a multi-round approval election until some candidate has a score higher than the threshold.<br>
<br>Communication and cooperation are easier in a small electoral college than in a large electorate.<br><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Perhaps a threshold could be set before a candidate can participate.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
Yes, I agree. The version I just proposed to Terry incorporates such a<br>
threshold.<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Also, the citizens of the US didn't get to vote on the restrictions<br>
of civil rights directly. It was handled by Congress.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
Using majority rule?<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
That someone was me.<br>
<br>
Sorry, Greg didn't include your name in his post (or I couldn't find<br>
it).<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
No need to be sorry.<br>
<br>
Yours, Jobst<div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br>
----<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>________________________________<br>Diego Renato dos Santos<br>Mestrando em Ciência da Computação<br>COPIN - UFCG<br>
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