<div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Message: 2<br>
Date: Sat, 11 Oct 2008 18:29:48 +0000 (GMT)<br>From: Kevin Venzke <<a href="mailto:stepjak@yahoo.fr"><font color="#0000ff">stepjak@yahoo.fr</font></a>><br>Subject: Re: [EM] Range > Condorcet (No idea who started this<br>
argument, sorry; I am Gregory Nisbet)<br>To: <a href="mailto:election-methods@electorama.com"><font color="#0000ff">election-methods@electorama.com</font></a><br>Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:437126.5268.qm@web23301.mail.ird.yahoo.com"><font color="#0000ff">437126.5268.qm@web23301.mail.ird.yahoo.com</font></a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1<br><br>Hello,<br><br>--- En date de?: Sam 11.10.08, Greg Nisbet <<a href="mailto:gregory.nisbet@gmail.com"><font color="#0000ff">gregory.nisbet@gmail.com</font></a>> a ?crit?:<br>
> De: Greg Nisbet <<a href="mailto:gregory.nisbet@gmail.com"><font color="#0000ff">gregory.nisbet@gmail.com</font></a>><br>> Objet: [EM] Range > Condorcet (No idea who started this argument, sorry; I am Gregory Nisbet)<br>
> ?: <a href="mailto:election-methods@lists.electorama.com"><font color="#0000ff">election-methods@lists.electorama.com</font></a><br>> Date: Samedi 11 Octobre 2008, 2h01<br>> Reasons why Range is better and always will be.<br>
> I would like to end the truce.<br>><br>> I'll be generous to the Condorcet camp and assume they<br>> suggest something<br>> reasonable like RP, Schulze or River.<br><br>I suggest Condorcet//Approval with ranking among disapproved candidates<br>
disallowed. Though apparently you are adamant about Clone-Winner<br>compliance.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">I merely said that of the methods I am aware of, Schulze, River, and RP are the best. Condorcet-Approval certainly sounds interesting though. I heard about another hybrid today that also looks promising. Elect the Condorcet winner if there is one otherwise default to approval. I think in practice this would mostly result in the Approval winner being elected anyway. I admit it. I completely overlooked Range-Condorcet hybrids. This one, <a href="http://fc.antioch.edu/~james_green-armytage/cwp13.htm">http://fc.antioch.edu/~james_green-armytage/cwp13.htm</a>, also looks interesting by the way. My response to these is largely the Bayesian Regret argument. As near as I can tell, this preliminary procedure will reduce overall Bayesian Regret scores. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">I'm not entirely sure when the ranking of the disapproved candidates would throw out the approval winner. (Which logically it must if it is to be different.) I'll look for it though.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br>(I also suggest my FBC tweak of this method, but then we have exited 100%<br>
Condorcet compliance.)<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Interesting…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br>> Property Related:<br>
> favorite betrayal, participation and consistency.<br>> Implications:<br>> 1) It is always good to vote and it is always good to rate<br>> your favorite<br>> candidate 100. The only Condorcet method to satisfy<br>
> favorite betrayal is an<br>> obscure variant of Minmax which I'll ignore because of<br>> its glaring flaws (clone dependence *cough*)<br><br>MMPO fails clone independence rarely; the difficulty with it is its<br>
potential to give absurd results failing Woodall's Plurality criterion<br>(is how I would describe it).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Wouldn't </font><a href="http://www.mail-archive.com/election-methods-electorama.com@electorama.com/msg06261.html"><font face="Calibri" size="3">MMPO</font></a><font face="Calibri" size="3"> be susceptible to the other arguments as well? At first glance, it does appear promising.</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br>
<br>> 2) How does it make sense to be able to divide a region<br>> into two<br>> constituencies each electing A if B is the actual winner?<br><br>I would say it doesn't matter. I'd also say that in reality, Range isn't<br>
better, even if technically it doesn't seem to have this problem. So<br>it's purely a theoretical concern.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">It may be a theoretical concern, but saying it doesn't matter really isn't a response. I was wondering how a method failing this could be considered to truly represent the will of the people when considering them as several independent groups would lead to unanimous support of a different candidate. I did not link this argument back to the real world of voting; I specifically asked for a theoretical justification.<br>
<br>> Condorcet methods<br>> are not additive, this calls into question the actual<br>> meaning of being<br>> elected by a Condorcet method.<br><br>It would, if one did not know what the meaning is. Of course the CW is<br>
not selected on some additive reasoning.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">This is my argument. Please defend the concept of a CW given its non-additive properties.<br>
<br>> answers to potentital majority rule counterarguments:<br>> 1) Range voting isn't a majority method.<br>> answer: any majority can impose their will if they choose<br>> to exercise it.<br><br>The reason this is not a satisfying answer is that when a method is a<br>
"majority method" this means that the majority does not have to get<br>together before the election, identify themselves as being a majority,<br>and settle on a singular goal.<br><br>Otherwise almost every method is a "majority method" in your sense.<br>
Plurality is one too.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">First of all, I wasn't suggesting this as an alternative definition of the majority criterion. Also, in order for a method to escape your criticism it would have to satisfy FBC and majority at the same time so that sincere majorities can be identified and rewarded. Please identify a method that does both of these.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">My point is that a strategic majority will always be rewarded. The majority does not have to organize itself before the election; they just have to individually be unwilling to compromise. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">For the point regarding FPTP, it is a majority method. It is not a good majority method by any stretch of the imagination, but it nevertheless is one.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Another response to this argument:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">What happens if you combine the majority criterion with Range Voting. Have an initial step to check for a majority winner and then proceed with normal Range Voting if a majority winner is not found. Presumably this would answer the argument. Well, not really. It would encourage people to vote for a compromise candidate in the hopes of guaranteeing them a majority and thus violate FBC by forcing them to shove their true favorite into second place. Compliance with the majority criterion would destroy FBC compliance. (you might be able to make it so that the single vote for a candidate to attempt to get a majority were separate from the range ballot, but this would again violate FBC)<br>
<br>> concession: it is true that Condorcet methods solve the<br>> Burr Dilemma fairly<br>> well because parties can simultaneously compete for<br>> majorities and swap<br>> second place votes. Range Voting can at best allow voters<br>
> to differentiate<br>> between better and worse candidates by one point. So<br>> Range's ability to<br>> emulate this behavior is competitive.<br><br>That is a charitable description of Range's capability here, since<br>
with good strategy the differentiation between any two candidates is<br>either zero or the entirety of the range.<br><br>Really though, I do not think Condorcet is too great in this respect.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">So we agree on something! Hooray! Shifting gears somewhat, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><br>> Understandability:<br>
><br>> Range Voting (I dare anyone to challenge me on this)<br><br>Jobst criticizes that the numbers are meaningless. I would not criticize<br>this, except that it does not even seem to be possible to use strategy<br>
to come up with a practical meaning of the intermediate ratings.<br><br>I could imagine someone perhaps complaining that the meaning of rankings<br>is not clear. (Perhaps they believe real preference rankings are not always<br>
transitive.) But when you know what the rankings are supposed to do and<br>when and how to use them effectively under whatever method, you can still<br>figure out the practical meaning of a ranking, even if it does not mirror<br>
your real and complete sentiments.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">With Range this seems lacking.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The point of understandability isn't conceptual but rather a reference to how long it takes to explain to the average person how the voting method works. Your counterargument does not apply to my original point, but I explained it badly so it's my fault. Criticizing the concepts as meaningless, I like that. Especially since that is what I was doing with my consistency failure remark. You can't have it both ways; either philosophical attacks are valid or they are not. Let's assume that they are. You say the magnitude of comparisons is not really substantiated by anything thus their magnitude shouldn't be considered (as almost all Condorcet methods actually behave). I disagree. I say Range Voting minimally distorts the concept of utility, just as you claim Condorcet methods minimally distort the concept of decision-making. Two limitations are placed on allowable votes in range voting, lower and upper bounds, (they must be integers as well, but this point is not especially relevant). This is designed to defend the system from dishonest utility monsters (e.g. Candidate A +1000000000000000000000). I'd say the concept of utility is intuitive. It is very similar to the concept of money. You understand that $1 > $.99 and that $45 > $1. It is intuitive that $45 is much, much better than $1 than $1 is than $.99. Range Voting is a single dimension of comparison. Keeping with the Enlightenment style assumptions, human opinions should be perfectly transitive and rational, yes. So, a preference ballot is the most information that a human can be relied upon to fill out with 100% accuracy assuming they are rational (use of singular they to avoid sexism). I'd say sacrificing 100% accuracy for the vast amount of additional information you can gain from a cardinal ballot is worth it. Given that it seems natural to classify candidate worth along a single dimension to most people.<br>
<br><br><br>> Bayesian Regret:<br>><br>> Range Voting (same comment)<br><br>This is trivial to dispute unless you claim that everybody is voting<br>sincerely under Range. Or, you claim that Warren's simulations do not<br>
have all the limitations that they actually do. In these cases, no, that<br>cannot be disputed, that Range reigns supreme.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">To my knowledge, he used strategic voters as well as well as a noise generator to represent ignorance. I have an idea to simulate perfect strategy. Organize the voters from early to late, have them try maybe 20 randomly generated votes, whichever one affects the outcome most to their liking will be selected. It seems like a fair way to test strategy. It's probably already been done, but I'll write a simulation for it later. I plead ignorance here; I do not know what the limitations are. They seem to approximate the behavior of real voters to me. If not, please suggest an experiment that will.<br>
<br>> Ballot expressiveness:<br><br>Pure expressiveness is useless. What should be compared instead is the<br>degree of expression possible after rational strategy is employed.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In order for post-strategy expressiveness to be present, pre-strategy expressiveness must be present. Please prove that a) all the expressiveness in Condorcet is preserved post-strategy and b) None of the range expressiveness is.<br>
> Bottom line:<br>><br>> Range: You can express apathy, but you take your life in<br>> your hands.<br><br>On the contrary, you take your life in your hands when you do not<br>use the min/max ratings. That is why I prefer Approval: Why invite the<br>
voter to take their life in their hands when it is totally unnecessary?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">First of all, non min-max ratings have a defined meaning when you rate everyone because their averages will change in a way consistent with how you intended your vote. That is my point. As long as you rate everyone, their averages will be altered according to your vote. My apathy argument (against range voting, I might add) is that unless you guess accurately what the averages for the candidates will be, it could backfire. Condorcet does a great job of isolating apathy as you can specify which comparisons specifically you are apathetic about (with creative ballot design of course), but at least the capacity exists. For example, by ranking candidate B and E the same, you can compare their superposition to all other candidates but express apathy about which is better. In order to emulate that behavior in range, you have to give them the same exact rating, which is functionally equivalent but less tidy thus inviting other problems in more complicated examples (like the one I gave originally)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">I think you mean "in addition", the CRV website does mention some cases in which, for a large electorate pool, intermediate ratings are strategic because the voting patterns of all voters cannot be predicted perfectly, thus it is best on average to use intermediate scores. Later I'll do a, "how much do honest voters shoot themselves in the foot?" test, but please suggest some benchmark nonrange method to compare it to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><br>
<br>> If I overlooked something or made an error, please tell<br>> me; I'm just a high<br>> school student.<br><br>I wonder if the CRV is your introduction to voting systems? I am a little<br>curious where the Range advocates come from.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">It is part of it. I don't take their statements on faith, though. I've studied game theory a bit and have the websites that advocate various other methods: <a href="http://www.fairvote.org/irv/">IRV</a>, <a href="http://www.deborda.org/">Borda</a>, <a href="http://condorcet.org/">Condorcet</a>, <a href="http://www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk/vote/vote.html">Condorcet (as near as I can tell)</a>, <a href="http://aceproject.org/">various</a>. Some of the newer hybrids such as MPPO, majority choice approval and such I am not that well read on. </span><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR">Si vous savez où je peux en apprendre plus, dites-moi. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">For some reason, I cannot access the Electorama pages, it sort of annoys me. Anyway, I do recognize the faults of Range Voting. I mentioned them specifically, like the results of expressing apathy and exposure to the Burr Dilemma. I do not worship the CRV; I merely agree with them on most issues. I come from California. I am not quite sure if that is the intent of the question. I studied politics one day on Wikipedia and came across something about PR, I think and read all of the articles about anything remotely voting related. The articles on CRV were coherent and, unlike Fairvote or de Borda, did not ignore the flaws with their own system. I even read some of Saari's work before deciding that he was advocating Borda with arguments that actually support Range Voting better. Anyway, IRV and Borda seem pointless, once I understood Schulze and RP, it became tougher to tell which was better, them or Range. I decided Range on the grounds of the FBC criterion, ease of use, simplicity, and sidestepping the crushing limitations of Arrow's impossibility theorem. I don't think I'm a normal Range Voting advocate. I have no idea how old any of you are, but I imagine you aren't 16. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">I realize the game theoretical nature of the arguments used to support Condorcet methods. It is all based on providing absolute certainty to voters that their vote will never lead to paradoxical behavior Y in method X. I understand the specific ordeals that Condorcet helps to diffuse. I think the best argument I can possibly think of for supporting Range is this. Start out with the (very charitable) assumption that the properties attributed to the Condorcet methods are about equal in value to the ones that Range satisfies. Now, there isn't one Condorcet method that satisfies all of them, in fact the existence of one that does so is impossible. At the end of the day you are left with a nebulous group of methods that satisfy an impressive group of criteria some of the time and a simple method that satisfies some very powerful criteria and can be explained to a small child in about three minutes. Which would you choose?<br>
<br><br><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"></span></p>
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