On 8/26/07, <b class="gmail_sendername">Abd ul-Rahman Lomax</b> <<a href="mailto:abd@lomaxdesign.com">abd@lomaxdesign.com</a>> wrote:<div><span class="gmail_quote"></span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
At 02:59 AM 8/26/2007, rob brown wrote:<br>>Vote trading generally means the ballots can't be secret, so<br>>elections would be inherently corruptible by anyone with money.<br><br>This is commonly assumed. But it probably is not true. First of all,
<br>the ballots don't have to be personally identified, all that is<br>necessary is that the winner be known. </blockquote><div><br>Ok, so here you seem to be saying that, it is not necessary to keep ballots secret to prevent buying an election....
</div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">If I'm agreeing to pay $X if A<br>wins, I'm paying for a result, not for a vote. Who do I pay it to?
</blockquote><div><br>That's a good question, isn't it? Well, the answer is simple...you don't. It doesn't work. You've just shown why, counter to what you suggested above, buying large elections is near impossible when the ballots are secret.
<br><br>Obviously, in a non-secret ballot election, you would pay individuals to vote for your candidate, not pay all of the voters for the final result. It is up to you to calculate whether or not your payments to individuals would be likely enough to get your candidate elected to make it worth your money.
<br></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">>Obviously range voting would solve this problem perfectly, if only<br>>humans were eusocial animals -- most of us being sterile
<br>>worker-people, whose only Darwinian interest was the good of the collective.<br><br>We are far more that than seems to be realized. Not sterile, to be<br>sure. But very much social animals. Most of us, most of the time.
</blockquote><div><br>Social animals and eusocial animals are totally different things. Worker bees, by virtue of their anatomical design and their behavior, will give their own lives for the sake of the hive (they sting and die). This sort of thing is pretty much unheard of in non-eusocial animals, as it would quickly be selected against. Sure there have been kamakazi pilots and various suicide bombers among people, but they are extreme exceptions, that only seems to happen in the most desperate of situations (and we find it notable and disturbing specifically because it seems so counter to human behavior). The vast majority of humans and other non-eusocial animals act as an evolutionary biologist would expect them to, which is to prioritize their own interests, and that of very close kin, at the top.
<br><br>Social animals tend to cooperate when it is in their individual best interest to do so (even if very indirect, such as doing the "right thing" when others are watching, possibly in hopes of reciprocity, or in hopes of the indirect reciprocity that tends to come with increasing one's repuation for trustworthiness). Fundamentally different from eusocial animals.
<br><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">It's ironic, really. Range Voting *to some degree, not completely,*<br>collapses to Approval Voting, under certain conditions with allegedly
<br>"selfish" voters. This is a feature, not a bug! Approval Voting is<br>quite a good method!</blockquote><div><br>I'm not against approval voting, I agree it is a fairly good method (although I think it can unfairly give an advantage to those who have the best information about how others are likely to vote).
<br><br>I AM against systems that create a conflict within people, between voting in a way that is "most in their interest", and in a way that "feels honest". Range voting blatantly creates this conflict (because voting at anything but the extremes in range voting is not in your interest), while approval doesn't.
<br></div></div><br>I didn't have time to read the rest of your post, or much of your other posts on this thread. Too many words, and none of them I've read so far (from any of the range voting people) has been compelling enough to make me want to throw away the basic concepts of "rational self interest" that most economics and game theory are based on. Sorry.
<br><br>(this is something I wrote some time ago that addresses the very logical flaws I see in all of your posts: <a href="http://karmatics.com/docs/groupmotivationfallacy.html">http://karmatics.com/docs/groupmotivationfallacy.html
</a> . It's kind of wordy itself, I suppose...).<br>