<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV><DIV>On Apr 13, 2007, at 2:37 , Chris Backert wrote:</DIV><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV class="Section1"><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" face="Arial"><SPAN style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial">See this story from MIT News that begins: “If we want individuals and small groups to have the democratic power to elect the president fairly, we must score presidential elections by winner-take-all states--not in a single giant national district too large for small numbers to turn, said Alan Natapoff, a research scientist at MIT who has studied the mathematics of voting power and has testified before Congress concerning the Electoral College.”<O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" face="Arial"><SPAN style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="2" face="Arial"><SPAN style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial"><A href="http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/natapoff.html">http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/natapoff.html</A><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><DIV>The claims refer to both "voters" and "state". The title says that voters win but most of the text talks about states. Maybe Florida was proud that they decided what the outcome of the presidential election would be, but I'm not so sure if the democratic voters of Florida were happy with the outcome of the election.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>In politics parties often want all their representatives to vote the same way. This gives them in some sense more power. In the presidential election example it is however probably more important to the voters to elect the best president than to form a state policy and then (all people of the state to) stick to that (to see the power of their state). In the world of parties this kind of party internal discipline could be justified by some other higher goal. If for example the party wants to launch a revolution, then lesser individual opinions could be sacrificed to achieve the higher goal first (and thereby a better world where also those sacrificed individual goals could now maybe be easily achieved). But in the discussed case I didn't see any this kind of higher goals.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>In addition to the "higher goals" the party (or state) internal discipline may serve the needs of the party management. If all the representatives vote as the party management tells them to, that sure increases the power of the management. But not necessarily the power of the representatives themselves.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>The states could benefit also in other more indirect ways that just electing the best president. The states could e.g. get some promises during the campaign (and maybe even some more concrete benefits between the elections). States whose opinion is considered decided already before the election may get less promises/benefits than states that whose opinion can still be influenced. This gives more power/benefits to the "undecided" states, more to the big ones than to the small ones.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>It may be that the majority in each state that got all the votes of the state is not interested in changing the current practice of that state in most cases. But this fact and other discussion points above do not indicate any clear reasons for the citizens in general to support the state level "winner take all" practice.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Juho</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></BODY></HTML>