<div>I can't believe I missed such a massive flaw...<br><br>Coming up with an approval-range method not vulnerable to vote management is difficult.
<br><br>For electing a candidate, we consume an amount of voting power
from the people who had such a candidate marked by V/ N + 1 (the
Bischoff quota) (where V is your definition of voting power, and N is
the amount of seats).
<br><br>But how do we define voting power in a way that is cloneproof? I'm really to tired to dwell on that question right now...</div><div><span class="q"><br><br><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
>> In effect, your approval for an outcome is just the sum of your<br>approval<br>>> for each of the individual candidates elected. However, there is a<br>>> limit<br>>> to prevent any one vote from becoming to strong.
<br>><br>>If you reduce the strength of the vote for having multiple candidates<br>>approved of it becomes cumulative vote, which is very vulnerable to<br>tactical<br>>voting.<br><br>Sorry, I meant limit the total voting power. This occurs anyway under
<br>the system where there are divisors.<br></blockquote><br></span></div><div>I see. Well, it does make sense.</div><div><span class="q"><br><br><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
> The approval of outcomes method is probably the only way to overcome<br>this.<br>><br>> The sequential method is vulnerable to vote management and introduces<br>
> tactical voting into it.<br><br>The non-sequential method also suffers from tactical voting as I showed<br>above<br>(unless I made an error).<br></blockquote><br></span></div><div>I
believe you were right about the tactical issues, which are caused
because highest averages methods are so very blunt. For small
elections, especially where individuals may choose their own
candidates, you must use surplus votes transfer.
</div><div><div class="ea"><span id="e_10be41b325f96eff_8">- Show quoted text -</span></div><span class="e" id="q_10be41b325f96eff_8"><br><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
>It's also more vulnerable than a computer total<br>>simply because people can just lie about the votes their getting as
<br>they're<br>>hand-counting them.<br><br>Ok, we have a fundamental disagreement here. In a hand count there<br>might<br>be some small amount of fraud/error. However, to really rig an<br>election,<br>you need to get lots of counters involved. Also, those counters are
<br>observed. This makes it easier for there to be a small error but harder<br>for their to be a massive error.<br><br>A computer has a single point of failure (the program) and cannot be<br>readily observed. Also, the general public doesn't really understand
<br>computers and those that do are often wary of using computers to do the<br>tally.<br><br>> For computer methods, the complexity doesn't matter. It's just as<br>easy to<br>> make a program that hurts candidates of one party in STV as it is in
<br>PAV and<br>> PRV. And, actually, the only way to do STV elections without a<br>randomness<br>> is to use a computer. The only real alternative to using complex<br>methods<br>> for proportionality is a party-list, which is undesirable because it
<br>> completely takes away candidate independence<br><br>You cannot do meeks method or some of the more advanced STV-PR by<br>hand however, it is possible to do fraction STV-PR by hand (look up<br>Gregory method).<br>
</blockquote></span></div><br>I
know of the Gregory method. It isn't exactly true to say that the
Gregory method is random, but it doesn't treat every vote the same and
isn't as fair. Besides, the method is so labour intensive that it is
only used for the senate of Ireland (where there aren't many voters)
and Northern Ireland (where the number of transfers per a ballot is
limited).
<br><br>The problem is the subsequent surplus. Whenever a vote
transfers to a candidate that's already been elected, most methods just
skip over him. This is, essentially, Hare's method, in that the votes
that have been transferred to and from the already elected candidate
are not representative of that candidate, but representative of the
ones that have been transferred to him instead. If you try and apply
Gregory's method to the subsequent surplus instead (taking all already
consumed votes from the already elected candidate, adding the votes
that have just been transferred to him, and transferring all votes
again at a new fractional value), then some of the votes may come back
to the candidate they were transfered from, and then transferred to the
same candidate again, then transferred back, and so on and so on, an
infinity recursion.
<br><br>So the pushover strategy becomes very effective in such a
case, because you don't want your vote to be dumped into a basket and
never considered again because one of your favored candidate were
elected.<br><br>In the case of the subsequent surplus, I'm guessing it
could be almost as effective as Meeks and Warrens method to have votes
transferred to an elected candidate and alter the voting power of the
people who voted for him wit the amount that was just transferred to
the candidate, excluding the votes that would lead to an infinity
recursion. You simply transfer those votes directly to the next
candidate on their list without altering their fraction. This is
somewhat vulnerable to the pushover strategy, but not nearly as much as
the normal Gregory method. It is possible to hand count with this
method, but still extremely labour intensive.