Thanks for the info Andrew. Some commentary below.<br><br><div><span class="gmail_quote">On 9/2/05, <b class="gmail_sendername">Andrew Myers</b> <<a href="mailto:andru@cs.cornell.edu">andru@cs.cornell.edu</a>> wrote:
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</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">I thought the folks on this list would find it interesting to see<br>some actual empirical data on how often cycles happen. I have data on
<br>99 CIVS elections that have been run in which more than 10 voters<br>participated (max was 1749) and in which there were at least three candidates<br>(max was 72). These 99 elections break down as follows:<br><br>had
a Condorcet
winner:
85<br>no Condorcet winner, but a unique unbeaten candidate: 7<br>multiple unbeaten candidates in real ties: 3<br>real
cycles requiring
completion:
4<br><br>These results suggest to me that the concern about cycles arising in Condorcet<br>methods is a bit excessive.</blockquote><div><br>
It suggests to me that _natural_ cycles are very rare. This
does not automatically mean that cycles can never be a problem.
The important thing is to pick a Condorcet method where, when a
Condorcet winner exists in sincere preference, it is extremely rare
than any faction has a tactic where they can cause a favorable
cycle. (I am referring, of course, to winning votes.)<br>
</div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">This is anecdotal, but I looked at the four elections in which cycles occurred,<br>
and my impression was that these were usually elections with a lot of<br>candidates and a poorly informed electorate that couldn't effectively judge<br>between them.</blockquote></div><br>
I think that's probably true, but the possibility does exist for
natural cycles of sincere and informed preference. It would be
interesting to see if, with Condorcet voting, more candidates started
popping up whose views fit less comfortably in the traditional
left/right political spectrum.<br>