[EM] IRV spoiled-ballots

[Michael Ossipoff]

There’s no need to regard any IRV ballot as spoiled, or to discard any IRV
ballot:

1. If a ballot ranks 2 or more candidates at same rank position, then rank
them in alphabetical order by surname.

The voter doesn’t care about their order, given that s/he ranked them equal.

2. If the ballot has a candidate at more than 1 rank-position, then average
(arithmetical mean) those ranks & round-off to nearest integer.

If the average ends in “.5”, then round up.

Round up because there are 2 familiar means: arithmetical & geometric. So
because the arithmetical mean ending in .5 doesn’t work for rounding, then
use the geometric-mean. It’s lower than the arithmetical mean. …so you
round up.

Of course if that would place the candidate at an already-occupied rank,
then implement step #1.

3. If there are gaps in the ranking, then of course just push them up, like
beads on a string, to make them consecutive, preserving their order,
because that’s what the voter implied.

Of course the same applies to any rankings for any rank-count method.
…except of course that Condorcet usually or always allows equal ranking.
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