[EM] Exact elections -- Proof of concept

[Daniel Carrera]

Success!

The attached Python script is a minimalist proof of concept that
demonstrates the key features needed to implement Kristofer's exact
election model. I'm using the Polytope library:

https://github.com/tulip-control/polytope

This library isn't as general as QHull, but conversely, it is easier to
use. In the attached script I walk you through the core features and
demonstrate a simple function that computes the Voronoi cell of each
candidate as an object where you can compute volumes and intersections.

Finally, I demonstrate Kristofer's exact spatial model probabilities for a
toy election with 3 candidates in a 2D issue space. Generalizing this
should not be hard, but recursion can be confusing and I wanted to make the
logic as clear as possible for illustration purposes.

Cheers,
-- 
Dr. Daniel Carrera
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Iowa State University
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