[EM] [Election-Methods] [english 94%] PR favoring racialminorities

[Juho]

Some more observations on the benefits of minority representation  
(and problem too).

It is much easier to make decisions against the interests of some  
minority when they are not in the room when compared to the situation  
where they sit in the room and give comments on the proposals.

The minority can negotiate. If not about winning the election, at  
least on the conditions to approve the proposal in public.

Sometimes small parties may also get disproportional power, e.g. when  
the sizes of the parties are 49%, 49% and 2%. But in practice this is  
probably not very often a problem. The large parties soon learn how  
to play the game without giving too much power to the small party.  
Also the small party must in most cases be sincere and not just play  
games.

If supermajority rules are used that means that having a minority  
smaller than 50% is sometimes crucial.

If the minority would not be represented who else should be there? If  
there are e.g. three groupings that are all minorities should we  
eliminate one of them and give all their seats to the two biggest  
ones (biggest minorities)?



This discussion also made me wonder what the election reform  
activists in the two-party countries see as the ideal system for them.

Would it still consist of single seat districts? (with some election  
method that would sometimes also outside the two largest parties) Or  
would it have full proportional representation?

Would the government still be typically a one party government? Maybe  
nominated by a winner of a single winner election, e.g. the  
president. Or would the government be typically a multiparty  
government (formed e.g. based on negotiations between parties after  
the elections)? Note also that the now typical majority status of the  
largest party might be typically gone if there were more than two  
parties, so one party may not be enough to form a viable government.

Juho



On Aug 15, 2008, at 17:40 , James Gilmour wrote:

>> Jobst Heitzig said:
>>> It is of no help for a minority to be represented proportionally  
>>> when
>>> still a mere 51% majority can make all decisions!
>
>> raphfrk replied
>> I disagree.  The advantage is that it allows 'on the fly'
>> coalition re-organisation.
>
> I also disagree, but for a different reason and even when there is  
> no chance at all of on-the-fly coalition re-organisation.  A
> minority of 49% can be very effective in holding the majority to  
> account and ensuring that the majority's proposals and decisions
> are subject to public scrutiny.  Here in Scotland, our 32 local  
> authority councils were all elected from single-member wards (small
> electoral districts) by FPTP.  We had become used to one-party  
> states, like Glasgow City Council where one party could hold 74 out
> of 79 seats for just 49.6% of the votes city-wide, or Midlothian  
> Council where one party held 17 of the 18 seats with just 46% of
> the votes.  When such distorted one-party rule persists for several  
> decades the political effects are very serious.  But we put an
> end to that in May 2007 when we elected all our councillors by STV- 
> PR.  Now there is effective opposition and scrutiny in every
> council and the minority voices are heard.
>
> James Gilmour
>
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