Oops! One small error I've noticed in my example. I wrote: >Pairwise Beats: ... >A>B 25:23 >{A,B}>C 33:15 >C>{D,E} 32:31 ... That should have been: C>{D,E} 32:16 In any case, this error has no effect on the example (16 or 31 -- either way, it's a minority beat-path). Norm Petry