Direct presidential elections

[DEMOREP1]

Electoral Studies, Vol. 16, p. 441 (1997) has an article about direct
presidential elections.

In 91 of 170 countries, presidents are directly elected.

61 of the 91 have majority - runoff methods (if no majority winner on first
ballot, then top 2 go on a second ballot).  The majority- runoff method has
the major defect of wiping out potential compromise candidates.

I note again that any one ballot reform method that permits a winner who does
not get majority approval has very little chance of being adopted.